My Daughter has Taught Me Anything Is Possible Essay example

On March 14 of last year, my husband and I welcomed our beautiful little girl into the world. It was not an ideal arrival, and we certainly were not prepared for the inevitable chain of events that would occur. I remember the setting with such clarity and precision that it seems somehow unreal; a figment of an overactive imagination. It was around 11:20PM and I had been in labor for 17 hours. We were anxiously awaiting the moment we would finally get to meet our little girl. At 11:46PM, the doctor told me to give one more big push. I was so exhausted but determined to do my best, there was a reward at the end of this marathon. A nurse pushed my husband out of the way and jumped on top of my stomach. It was such a dramatic event, it seemed†¦show more content†¦I had a lump in my throat, my stomach was all in knots and I was fighting back the urge to scream with rage. My husband and I knew our daughter would have a cleft lip from an ultrasound I had at thirty two weeks pregnant, we did not know the extent of the birth defect. We also knew what an imperforated anus was. His brother was born with a rare association, VATERs. It is an acronym for a variety of birth defects. V for vertebrae, A for anal imperforation, T for trachea and R for renal. We both assumed our daughter had this as well, even though statistics state it was less than a one percent chance of being a genetic disease. His brother had twenty two surgeries before his second birthday, so I knew we were in for a long road. I was so upset, I couldnt believe this was happening to us, to my sweet new baby girl. I kept asking God, Why her? Why would you subject such a sweet innocent child to this? Isnt putting Josh (my husbands brother) through this enough? I knew I had to make a choice, I could be bitter or I could be strong for my daughter. I chose strength and asked my husband to please m eet the care flight team at OU Childrens hospital. I stayed up and prayed all night for my sweet angel. The next morning, I was discharged from Norman Regional hospital. My doctor completely understoodShow MoreRelatedRoles Of A Grand Son1325 Words   |  6 Pageshuman being on earth has their own unique set of roles, and statuses. There are two kinds, ascribed, and achieved. An ascribed role, is a role that a person is born into, examples include the role of a grand son, or a Canadian. Achieved roles, are roles that a person has to work to acquire, examples include; a teacher, or a politician. Two roles that I currently possess are a university student, and a daughter, each of these roles has molded me into who I am, and decided my place in the social hierarchyRead MoreKey Factors For Being An Effective Manager1726 Words   |  7 Pagestransformational leaders. I am very much a transformational leader I believe that this is somewhat measures my achievement motivation. In my achievements I tend to be competitive and strive to excel in everything I do. I like to set long-term goals as well as short-term goals. I hate gambling with whether or not I’m going to be successful, as a matter of fact I hate gambling period. I love to take on challenges in my career and rarely ever concentrate on the money, but I am mindful of how much I’m worth. WhenRead MoreReflecting on the Past: Brainstorming Activity647 Words   |  3 Pageslife. I am going to discuss five life events that were significant to me and how I feel because of the experience. The greatest event I have experienced would have to be the birth of my three daughters. I didn’t know it was possible to love someone more then I love myself until I gave birth to each one of them. Words cannot express the range of emotions you feel knowing that you created a baby. My daughters have changed my life immensely and I don’t know where I would be without them. WatchingRead MoreDesigning A House : The Most Important Part Of A Home981 Words   |  4 Pagesof all time. Like a set of floor plans, my parents constantly guided me into becoming the most beautiful version of myself possible, expecting nothing but the best from me. Although my family has encountered numerous unanticipated harsh realities of life in an imperfect world, my family, like a strong foundation, has been able to hold everything together despite the numerous forces trying to break us apart. This has created a beautiful structure that I call my home. The white Austin stone contrastsRead More Notes On Spring Break 1503 Words   |  7 Pagesspring break, but for me and my family in April of 2010, this was not the case. It was a beautiful, sunny day in Puerto Rico where my family and I were taking a vacation that spring. As I lay on my dad’s colorful bed in the small pink villa on the water, I find it hard to enjoy the view that comes from the balcony and the salty smell of the light blue ocean. The villa resides on a rocky cliff where the rippling ocean waves smash onto the rocks below. The waves, which usually relax me, are insignificantRead MoreWhat Motivates Me Most For Pursue A College Degree890 Words   |  4 PagesWhat motivates me most to pursue a college degree is opening new doors for career options and inspiring my daughter through my own actions to pursue lifelong learning. I have waited until this point in my life to take this first step for many reasons. I feel that I had a lot of fear of failure that kept me from pursuing this higher learning. I am in the right place mentally at this stage in my life and feel like I can fully invest in this experience and make it truly a s uccess and representationRead MoreThe Road For Becoming Nurse Meika Essay1283 Words   |  6 Pagessome balancing of my time, budget, and keeping my stress level intact. No one ever said that the road was hard. You just have to know when to slow down take in the scenery, get off because you made a wrong turn, or just full throttle ahead because you’re sure of what lies ahead. I’ve always been the compassionate, helping, and eager to learn type of person. That’s why I always knew that the medical field would be the best fit. I have three daughters who I love more than anything and I always thinkRead MoreRoles Of A Grand Son1169 Words   |  5 Pageshuman being on earth has their own unique set of roles. There are two kinds of roles, Ascribed, and achieved. An ascribed role, is a role that people are born into, examples include the role of a grand son, or a Canadian. Achieved roles, are roles that a person has to work to acquire, examples include; a teacher, or a politician. Two roles that I currently possess are a university student, and a daughter. Being a daughter is an important role that I play. The role of a daughter is an ascribed roleRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan963 Words   |  4 Pagesincluding An-mei Hsu, the mother of Rose Hsu Jordan. Beginning at a young age, An-mei has to endure many situations. Her grandmother tells her that her mother is a ghost but she comes back to take care of her grandmother when she is ill. Due to the absence of her mother during her childhood years, she tries to be there for Rose as much as possible but is pushed away. An-mei believes she has nengkin, the ability to do anything she puts her mind to but after a devastating event at the beach her beliefs changeRead MoreThe Book Inheritance By Lorena Garza Gonzalez Essay1532 Words   |  7 Pageshome of their own. Another reason for that is if someone else has helped us while we were going through the same thing or just in case we need their help in the future. Like author Gonzalez said â€Å"welcoming him was a way of repaying all those families who helped my dad when he arrived in the United States. I personally love this saying because our Latino culture is so giving even though we might not have a lot. I remember once when my friend and her four children didn’t have electricity at their house

Study Habits - 6353 Words

STUDY HABITS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THIRD YEAR STUDENTS OF SANTA ROSA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HIGH SCHOOL FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR 2011-2012 A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School Polytechnic University of the Philippines Santa Rosa Campus In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Master in Educational Management By JESUSA G. HABIG August 2011 CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction Effective study skills are necessary for a high school student to excel academically. The student must develop these skills in order to retain information learned in the present for their future benefit. Study skills can be a combination of several techniques, including time management, note taking, self†¦show more content†¦With Engineering Science and Education Program as its curriculum, the school is a lot different from ordinary public schools. The school offers subjects more than what is offered in ordinary public schools. It also has its own grading system that readily distinguishes students that are good in science, math, TLE and language. The third year curriculum offers the following subjects: Filipino III (Noli Me Tangere), English III (American Literature), TLE III (Civil Technology), Math III (Advanced Algebra, Advanced Statistics, and Pre-Calculus), Science III (Chemistry, Physics, and Zoology), MAPEH III, Values Education III, Social Studies (World History), and Computer Literacy (Web Design). With its thirteen (13) subjects, third year students has to do a lot works and therefore must develop and improve study skills that will enable them to pass all the subjects. In this study, junior SRSTHS students are the respondents. They were selected as the respondents because they are the batch that has gone through different political issues having past students, parents and teachers to question their qualification and quality and the admission where they went through because comparing with the last batches of third year students they are the first batch who got a very low average on the annual National Achievement test administered last March 2011 on theirShow MoreRelatedStudy Habits854 Words   |  4 Pageslevel of students in school becomes higher, their study habits differ from time to time. The kind of study habits they have shows the differences or improvements in how they become skilled and earnest about learning new things. Studying does not only include the preparation of students to excel in class but also the reinforcements of the lessons already taught. It is merely reviewing and committing to mind new information. Furthermore, study hab its can be derived as buying out a dedicated scheduledRead MoreStudy Habits1391 Words   |  6 PagesChapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE amp; STUDIES According to Palm Beach Community College (PBBC, 2008), they recommend that student’s study should have at least three hours out of class for every hour spent in class. They also said that a student must have a special place to study with plenty of room to work. And students should not be cramped. They presupposes that study time will go better if a learner take a few minutes at the start to straighten things up. A desk and straight-backedRead MoreStudy Habits Introduction1844 Words   |  8 Pageswatching others, you have to practice and practice frequently. Successful students employ time management systems to create study patterns that work and use active learning methods to add meaning and interest to their study time and maintaining their motivation by connecting reasons for study to their life goals and values. Learners must develop and established good study habits in doing school work, which can raised their academic performance. High educational achievement attained by the learnersRead MoreStudy Habits Introduction1853 Words   |  8 Pageswatching others, you have to practice and practice frequently. Successful students employ time management systems to create study patterns that work and use active learning methods to add meaning and interest to their study time and maintaining their motivation by connecting reasons for study to their life goals and values. Learners must develop and established good study habits in doing school work, which can raised their academic performance. High educational achievement attained by the learners inRead MoreChapter 2 Study Habits2145 Words   |  9 PagesChapter II Related Literature and Related Studies This research study cited books, articles and laws, which are relevant to the  present investigation.  It is composed of related literature and studies, both local andforeign, which contain facts and information on the research problem at hand.  It also  provides  explanations  and  logical  connections  between  previous  researches  and  the  present work. Foreign Literature In Dorothy E. Jhonson’s Behavioral System Model, she stated that a behavioral systemRead MoreStudy Habits of Accounting Students4380 Words   |  18 PagesBSA, because of the job opportunities awaits them when they become a CPA. Accounting students in UE Caloocan are trained. They have a good faculty to guide them, they provide seminars, and they provide reviews before the exams. Background of the Study For others, when they hear that you’re an Accountancy student, it means that you are intelligent and good at solving problems, but it’s not easy to be an accountant student. Many BSA students failed and shifted to other courses because of the retentionRead MoreFactors Affecting Study Habits4632 Words   |  19 Pages3, 2006; Accepted April 14, 2006. Other Sectionsââ€" ¼ Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to examine factors such as academic competence, test competence, time management, strategic studying, and test anxiety, and identify whether these factors could distinguish differences among students, based on academic performance and enrollment in the experiential program. Methods A cross-sectional study design utilizing questionnaires measuring previously validated constructs was used to evaluateRead MoreStudy Habits and the Academic Performance of the Pupils.7856 Words   |  32 Pagespersonal matter and there isn’t one study habit that works for every situation. One here to take more responsibility to acquire the desired knowledge to develop positive values, critical thinking, attitudes and skills. Effective study skills and strategies opportunities to approach learning tasks systematically and independently. Practicing good study habits is the key to becoming smarter and achieving success in school. Paivio (2000) noted that habits of study, which are formed in school haveRead MoreThe Effects of Study Habits on Academic Performance....2248 Words   |  9 PagesOzamiz City, 7200 â€Å"THE EFFECT OF STUDY HABITS ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECOND YEAR ACCOUNTANCY STUDENTS ENROLLED IN SUMMER IN LA SALLE UNIVERSITY, OZAMIZ CITY, SCHOOL YEAR 2010† A research proposal Presented to: Mr. Raymundo Dolor, CPA, MBA, LLB In Partial Fulfilment Of the Requirements for the Subject ACTW By Emphasis, Hazel G. Zamoras, Jaykie Luzette ABSTRACT This study identifies whether study habits bring positive or negative effects to the academicRead MoreThe Effect of Study Habits on the Academic Performance3650 Words   |  15 PagesEffect of Study Habits on the Academic Performance of sophomore Bachelor of Elementary Education Students of the Divine Word College of Bangued during the First Semester 2011- 2012 Submitted by: Mary B. Gallardo Alfreinel S. Castillo Jessie T. Sibayan Gilberto Regil D. Valera Jr. DIVINE WORD COLLEGE OF BANGUED Bangued, Abra May 11, 2012 Abstract The study sought to find the effect of study habits on the academic performance of the second year Bachelor of Elementary Education students. It sought

Lee Harvey Oswald free essay sample

1. Lee Harvey Oswald did not by any means have a childhood that would be considered of the norm. He did not grow up in a home surrounded by loved ones who were always home. He did not have an abundance of friends to play with after school, but instead would sit in his house alone waiting for his mother to get home. Growing up Oswald did not have a steady father figure, did not have a steady school, and was sent to a Youth house at the age of fourteen. Putting all these factors together, one can see how Oswald had a rough childhood. Oswald was born to Robert Edward Lee Oswald, Sr. and Marguerite Frances Claverie. Oswald’s father had died before he was even born, just two months shy of Lee’s birth Robert Sr. had suffered a fatal heart attack. In January of 1944, Oswald’s mother decided to remarry to Edwin A. We will write a custom essay sample on Lee Harvey Oswald or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ekdahl. Oswald even described Ekdahl as the â€Å"father he never had†. Oswald’s brother, John, said that Ekdahl had treated the boys as if they were his own children. Unfortunately Oswald’s mother had expected Ekdahl of infidelity and left him in the summer of 1946. According to a study conducted by University of Melbourne shows that boys are more likely to live a life of delinquency whereas girls seem to be more unaffected by the absence of a father figure. Oswald’s mother was the only supporter of the family and would often have to make sure she had a job to support her family. This put a strain on Oswald’s adjustment to a school considering he had enrolled in six different schools by the time he was ten. This made it difficult for Oswald to establish and maintain friendships with peers within schools. The absence of friends makes it hard for a child to develop social skills as well as emotional growth, and moral development. Due to Oswald’s lack of showing up to school that court hearings took place and eventually sent him to Youth House for psychiatric evaluation. He was put in a facility with other young boys who had murdered, Oswald asked his mother to take him out of the facility. Most people are not put into a psychiatric evaluation facility at a young age, especially with others who have committed murder. This can have a strain on a young maturing mind, being set aside from society, away from family and not being able to do whatever they wanted. 2. For the most part of his child hood the only parental figure Oswald had in his life was his mother. Since she was a single mother she was the only source of income and would often work before Oswald had woke for school and would not return from work until later on after Oswald had been home from school for hours. Oswald’s mother had trained him to be able to get himself to and from school by himself and when he got home from school he would just sit at his house by himself until his mother arrived home from work. Now besides the fact that his mother was missing a lot due to her long work hours since she was the only one supporting the family the relationship she had with her children wasn’t that of a great one. Robert Oswald was quoted saying â€Å"The idea even crossed (my) mind that (my) mother might want to put (me) and John up for adoption; anything to be rid of the burden.† His mother never truly gave him the attention of a loving mother, she was negligent and this didn’t help him develop his social skills which would carry over into his adult hood. Without the presence a father figure and a presence of a distant mother figure can put a strain on a child’s psyche which will scar them for life. The neglect of a mother on a child can have pretty serious consequences. It can affect health, emotional, physical, psychological and social development of a child. Oswald already ascertaining the effects of an absence father, and then to have a neglectful mother on top of it really did some damage to his psyche. She was absent for most of the day when Oswald was home after school, or even when he didn’t go to school, and was unable to give Oswald the attention he needed to grow up as a normal child.

The Tension Between the Apology and Crito Essays -

Every once in a while, someone will say something at a certain point in life and later on life say something that contradicts the first statement. In most cases, these statements get unnoticed or overlooked because we are all human and may have different opinions at different instances in time. We could also say that the person who contradicted themselves did not fully develop their thoughts and that is why they were inconsistent in their thoughts. In the case of Socrates, there is an inconsistency problem between two texts because he appears to say one thing in the Apology and the opposite in Crito. It is documented that in one text he says that no matter the case one must always obey the law and in the other text he says one must disobey the law if unjust. At first glance, it seems that Socrates is contradictory and in the case of philosophy contradiction is unacceptable unless justified. Due to the fact that Socrates is such brilliant mind and a famous philosopher we must explore this problem to the deep roots in order to resolve the problem. After delving into this topic further, I will explain that the inconsistency problem is solved by Socrates consistent belief in the leadership of god. In what follows, I will describe why there is tension between the two texts and give you my interpretation of Socrates beliefs. Let us begin by developing the background of the story and then summarizing what was said by Socrates in both passages. We do not have the exact account of what happened because there were no records kept during his lifetime but we do have what is thought to be a very accurate portrayal. It is said, Socrates was accused of both formal and informal charges. The formal charges against him are for corrupting the youth and worshipping false gods. The informal charges accuse him of being a Sophist. As a result of the formal charges, Socrates is put on trial and given a chance to plead his case. During the trial Socrates is trying to convince the jury that he is not a Sophist and explains he does not except payment for opening the minds of others. He goes on to defend himself by discrediting his accusers and expresses his loyalty to Apollo. During Socrates defense in the Apology, he states ?Suppose ? you were to say to me, ?Socrates, we will not obey Anytus this time. Instead, we are prepa red to let you go. But on the following condition: that you spend no more time on this investigation and don?t practice philosophy, and if you?re caught doing so, you?ll die.? Well, as I just said, if you were to let me go on these terms, I?d reply to you, ?I?ve the utmost respect and affection for you, men of Athens, but I?ll obey the god rather than you, and as long as I draw breath and am able, I won?t give up practicing philosophy? (29c-d). This statement reads that if Socrates were ordered by law to stop practicing philosophy that he would disobey orders and not follow the law. At the end of the trial, Socrates is found guilty and sentenced to death. After being sentenced, Socrates is sent to be held imprisoned until it is time for his execution. During his captivity, Crito; a loyal friend of Socrates comes to visit and shares the news with Socrates that his execution day in is the very near future. Crito then says that he has a plan to help Socrates escape, flee the city, and avoid his execution. He states that he and others are willing to accept the consequences whatever they may be to save the life of their dear friend Socrates. Though he contemplates escaping, Socrates makes the decision it is unjust to disobey the law and in Crito says, ?in war and in law courts, and everywhere else, [you must] do whatever your city or father land commands or else persuade it as to what is really just? (51b-c). This statement reads that whatever it is that the courts orders are supreme and the law must be followed in all circumstances unless you can persuade the

Convince Me! A Persuasive Writing Activity

Convince Me! A Persuasive Writing Activity ​As your child starts learning more complicated types of writing, she’ll be introduced to the idea of persuasive writing. If she’s the type of kid who frequently challenges or debates what you have to say, then the hardest part of persuasive writing will probably be the writing itself- she’s already working on the persuasion piece! The Convince Me! activity is an easy way for you and your child to practice persuasive writing at home, without the worry of getting a good grade. Persuasive writing puts the everyday challenges and debates into a written form. A good piece of persuasive writing explains the issue at stake, takes a position, and then explains the position and its opposing stance. Using facts, statistics and some common persuasive strategies, your child’s argument essay tries to convince the reader to agree with her. It may sound easy, but if your child doesnt hold her own well in arguments or has trouble doing research, she may need some practice to become convincing. What Your Child Will Learn (or Practice): Persuasive writingResearchAnalytical thinkingNegotiation and written communication Getting Started with the Convince Me! Persuasive Writing Activity Sit down with your child and talk about she needs to do to make somebody else see her side of an issue. Explain that while sometimes she argues, when she backs up what she’s saying with good reasons, what she’s really doing is convincing the other person, given the other person justification for seeing things her way.Prompt her to come up with some examples of situations in which she tried to change your mind about something she didnt agree with. For example, maybe she’s successfully negotiated an increase in her allowance. Tell her that the word for what she did was to persuade you, which means she was influencing what you thought or was convincing you to look at things differently.Together, brainstorm words and phrases that can to try to persuade someone and write them down. Talk about things that happen around the house that you and your child don’t always agree on. You may want to stick with topics that are not going to cause huge fights since this is supposed to be a fun activity. Some ideas to consider include: allowance, bedtime, how much screen time your child has daily, making her bed, the time frame in which laundry has to be put away, the division of chores between children, or what types of food she can eat for after-school snacks. (Of course, these are simply suggestions, there may be other issues that come up in your household that arent on that list.) Choose one and let your child know you might be willing to change your mind about it if she can write a convincing and persuasive essay explaining her reasoning. Make sure she knows her essay has to say what she thinks should happen and use some persuasive words, phrases and strategies.It is absolutely crucial to make sure to set the conditions under which you’ll give in. For example, maybe her goal is to try to convince you to change your mind about eating sugary cereal over the summer, not for the rest of her life. If she convinces you, you must live with the change. Set the rules for engagement first, and dont change them.Read the essay and consider her arguments. Talk to her about what you thought was convincing and which arguments didnt convince you (and why). If you’re not totally persuaded, give your child the opportunity to rewrite the essay with your feedback in mind. Note: Don’t forget, you really need to be prepared to make changes if your child is persuasive enough! It’s important to reward her if she writes a very good piece of persuasive writing.

The Classical Definition of a Tyrant

The Classical Definition of a Tyrant A tyrant- also known as a basileus or king- in ancient Greece meant something different from our modern concept of a  tyrant as simply a cruel and oppressive despot. A tyrant was little more than an autocrat or leader who had overturned an existing regime of a Greek polis and was, therefore, an illegitimate ruler, a usurper. They even had some measure of popular support, according to Aristotle. Before Turannoi Were Tyrants: Rethinking a Chapter of Early Greek History, by Greg Anderson, suggests that because of this confusion with modern tyranny, the perfectly good Greek word should be removed from scholarship on early Greece. Peisistratus (Pisistratus) was one of the most famous of the Athenian tyrants. It was after the fall of the sons of Peisistratus that Cleisthenes and democracy came to Athens. Aristotle and Tyrants In his article, The First Tyrants in Greece, Robert Drews paraphrases Aristotle as saying that the tyrant was a degenerate type of monarch who came to power because of how insufferable the aristocracy was. The people of the demos, fed up, found a tyrant to champion them. Drews adds that the tyrant himself had to be ambitious, possessing the Greek concept of philotimia, which he describes as ​the  desire for power and prestige. This quality is also common to the modern version of the self-serving tyrant. Tyrants were sometimes preferred to aristocrats and kings. The article, ÃŽ ¤Ã Ã ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€š. The Semantics of a Political Concept from Archilochus to Aristotle, by Victor Parker says the first use of the term tyrant comes from the mid-seventh century B.C., and the first negative use of the term, about a half-century later or perhaps as late as the second quarter of the sixth. Kings vs. Tyrants A tyrant could also be a leader who ruled without having inherited the throne; thus, Oedipus marries Jocasta to become tyrant of Thebes, but in reality, he is the legitimate heir to the throne: the king (basileus). Parker says the use of tyrannos is common to a  tragedy in preference to basileus, generally synonymously, but sometimes negatively. Sophocles writes that hubris begets a tyrant or tyranny begets hubris. Parker adds that for Herodotus, the term tyrant and basileus are applied to the same individuals, although Thucydides (and Xenophon, on the whole) distinguishes them along the same lines of legitimacy as we do. Greg Anderson argues that before the 6th century there was no difference between the tyrannos or tyrant and the legitimate oligarchic ruler, both aiming to dominate but not subvert the existing government. He says that the construct of the age of tyrant was a figment of the late archaic imagination. Sources Before Turannoi Were Tyrants: Rethinking a Chapter of Early Greek History, by Greg Anderson; Classical Antiquity, (2005), pp. 173-222. The First Tyrants in Greece, by Robert Drews; Historia: Zeitschrift fà ¼r Alte Geschichte, Bd. 21, H. 2 (2nd Qtr., 1972), pp. 129-14 ÃŽ ¤Ã Ã ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€š. The Semantics of a Political Concept from Archilochus to Aristotle, by Victor Parker; Hermes, 126. Bd., H. 2 (1998), pp. 145-172.

Is Police accountability a special case, or merely one example of the Essay

Is Police accountability a special case, or merely one example of the tension inherent in all accountability arrangements between allowing agents the exercise o - Essay Example The OSCE in its report on democracy in Serbia says that to establish democratic stability in a country "it is crucial that the policing is both democratic and free from political interference" (OSCE, 2002). For this purpose, accountability is essential both within and outside the organization. This is to ensure that the police do not function in an undemocratic manner and can be held to account by the citizens for its actions. The report says that the most important feature of democratic policing is that "policing must be with the general consent of the public" (OSCE, 1). This applies both to the actions of the police personnel and the manner in which the action occurs. There must be an ongoing dialogue between the public and the police regarding the style of policing and the limitations of police powers (OSCE, 1). It implies an agreed understanding between the two about when the police will intervene and the acceptable ways for them to do it. It is known as "moral consensus." In this system there is a balance between power and accountability. Power is granted to the police forces by the parliament on behalf of the citizens, who are granted the ability to hold the police accountable for their actions, policies, procedures, priorities, and expenditure (OSCE 2002). The police is also expected to have integrity, fairness, sensitivity, and these values are upheld through systems of accountability. In a democracy, policing needs to be based on consent across the community (Accountability I). "The community recognizes the legitimacy of the policing task, confers authority on police personnel in carrying out their role in policing and actively supports them" (Accountability I). Consent depends on proper accountability. The police needs to be accountable in two senses - the subordinate or obedient sense; and the explanatory and cooperative sense. In the former sense, the police are subordinate to the law and the community expects to get the service for which its money is spent. In the latter sense, the public and police need to communicate with each other and work in partnership to ensure effective policing. OSCE has recommended five levels of supervision to ensure accountability of the police forces to the public. These are: 1. Internal affairs: The first level of accountability insists on integrity. There is the need for an internal affairs department which overlooks the integrity of the individual police staff. Its responsibility will be to investigate allegations of crime, corruption and inappropriate behaviour on the part of the police personnel. They would also devise tactics to prevent corruption. 2. External oversight: To uphold the integrity of this internal affairs department there needs to be an organization, completely independent of the police, which will oversee the allegations of crime, corruption and malpractices against the police. This external organization would also have the right to see the documents of the internal affairs department. This organization would report back to the public after investigating allegations against the police department. It will also be able to influence police procedures and comment publicly on incidents (OSCE 2002).3. Parliamentary oversight: The external oversight organization also needs

Correctional Institution , Criminology major Essay - 3

Correctional Institution , Criminology major - Essay Example Other issues that arise from prison rape are contraction of conditions such as HIV / AIDS which can be fatally devastating. Murder and assault: this is mostly because of hate crime in prison. When prisoners disagree, they are not likely to consult prison authorities as they prefer to settle their differences personally. Crimes are a means of exacting revenge. Weapons dealing: aside from using natural means such as physical strength to fight, assault and even murder, prisoners also use weapons. Most of the weapons they use are crude ones such as knives or improvised sharp objects. These weapons are within the prison walls or from outside the prison. Drug dealing: there is a positive correlation between drugs and crime. For prisoners arrested for drug possession and use there is still an urge to continue using drugs, this creates ready market. Through smuggling, prisoners are able to get access to money. This money funds drug deals and purchase of weapons (Mà ¸ller, Gatherer, Jà ¼rge ns, Stà ¶ver & Nikogosian 55). The psychology of the inhabitants of the correctional institutes: persons in correctional institutes reside in the institution because of committing crimes. In this light, therefore, there is a likelihood of them carrying on these activities even while in prison. Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment in most cases do not see the need of being model citizens. They, therefore, perpetrate crimes at will because they are of the view that the worst that could happen to them has already happened (DeRosia & Victoria 101). Another contributing factor to this issue is public opinion. The public views prisoners as awful people incapable of reform. This kills the moral of an individual, and they do not see the need of change especially while in prison. The public and the prisoners get their influence from the media. There are one too many programs

Ethics in the Workplace Essay Example for Free

Ethics in the Workplace Essay The case study provided in Craig E. Johnson’s book, Ethics in the Workplace , is a moral and valuable lesson regarding the blurred vision between a for profit and a nonprofit. This example, while it may be considered severe, is an excellent one that leads the reader to more important questions. The question of whether nonprofits should operate as businesses encourages the reader to think about the pros and cons of each. If a nonprofit were to operate as a business, it would basically eliminate the unending concern about funding. Nonprofits, operating as a business, would be able to reap the benefits of for profit companies making more money for the organization but not necessarily the mission. However, this would ultimately lead to more expenses as the budget would have to include higher amounts in staff pay, marketing, and benefits. Another con of operating as a business is taxes. Nonprofits would no longer be exempt from paying taxes and once again, the cost would greatly increase the budget. Probably the most dangerous aspect of a nonprofit run as a business is the loss of the mission and vision. One may be concerned that the need for money and greed will usurp the original mission of the nonprofit. Should businesses operate more like nonprofits? This question is a difficult one to answer. Nonprofits exist for social justice, in many cases nonprofits pick up where the government has left off. While our economy is based on supply and demand, there is societal pressure to be charitable and giving. If businesses were to be as charitable as a nonprofit, they would undoubtedly lose money and perhaps close due to lack of funding, yet, their sense of social justice would be fulfilled. Since there will always be consumers, thus a demand for goods and services, businesses should not operate as nonprofits. As cited in the case study in the introduction by Johnson (Johnson, Ethics in the Workplace, 2007), the Goodwill Branch in Portland, Oregon does compete on the same level as businesses in the area. The Branch pays their top staff over $100,000 with the CEO’s salary at a whopping half a million. Yet, because they are registered as a nonprofit, they are exempt from paying taxes on goods and services, people utilizing the nonprofit get services for free, and they are able to pay their staff lower than competitive wages. If, as cited in the case study, a nonprofit competes on all levels with a for profit business, then the competition must be fair. Either the nonprofit has to begin to pay taxes or taxes for the business should be eliminated. It is important to note, however, that the elimination of taxes would devastate the economy. When it comes to salaries, businesses definitely have the upper hand. Because businesses operate to make money, they can afford to hire only the best in the fields. Nonprofits, relying more on government funding, are unable to afford those astounding costs. Furthermore, nonprofits operate under the definition of social services. For a nonprofit to lose sight of that and pay top dollars for staff, is a vision they can not afford to lose. Thus, executives of nonprofits should in no way be compensated or expect to be compensated at the same rate as their business counterparts. The services offered are meant to be taken advantage of by disadvantaged citizens and pay rates should reflect that mission. In the case study previously mentioned, Michael Miller, the CEO of the Goodwill Branch in Portland Oregon, is receiving a salary of $500,000 not including benefits and expenses. Moreover, some of the workers at that same branch are making below minimum wage. It is immoral for Mr. Miller to receive such a high salary, not only because his staff is making considerably less but more importantly because the salary is not in line with the overall charitable mission of Goodwill. It is unreasonable to believe that staff pay will remain the same as a nonprofit expands. However, certain standards must be in place to substantiate higher salaries. Standards may include: overall budget of the nonprofit and allocation of funds, effective service of the nonprofit based on data taken from all available programs, how the nonprofit compares to others in its region or state, and how well they are fulfilling their mission. The question as to whether this writer would charitably donate to the sight mentioned in the study can best be answered by weighing morals against greed. This writer believes that they would not donate to the sight unless there was documented proof that at least 90% of the donation was going to the people it was intended to help. Since this branch is more likely to document exaggerated salaries such as the CEO’s, it is unlikely a donation would be made to that particular branch.

Hawksmoor :: English Literature

Hawksmoor - There are many puzzling features in this novel - Discuss three in detail, looking at the way they are communicated. 'Hawksmoor' as a novel is on the whole, puzzling. As it is a detective story, Peter Ackroyd uses different techniques of involving the reader in his plot so that even if the beginning is not fully understood, we have to go on reading it just to see what happens next. These different features, for example, the juxtaposition of the time periods between the chapters; the post-modernistic aspects of Ackroyd's writing; and the conflicts between reality and fiction all make the novel puzzling. Time in this novel is very confused, with two time periods (the modern day and the eighteenth century) being juxtaposed in alternate chapters throughout the novel. The theme of time is continued on this premise and there are many references to time by the characters themselves. For example at one point, Nicolas Dyer says: "..how do we conclude what time is our own." Nicolas Hawksmoor also asks: " 'Well, Walter, what do you make of that timing?' 'It's impossible, sir.' 'Nothing is impossible. The impossible does not exist'" Not only are there direct referrals to time, like this but also there are tenuous links and suggestions to it as a dominant theme. For example, Hawksmoor is looking for the zero meridian when he is in Greenwich and there are many others. The changes in time are highlighted by the interesting use of language for the chapters narrated by Nick Dyer. Many spellings are different from modern English, for example, corpse is spelt 'corse'. Ackroyd also uses capital letters for nouns in these chapters. The eighteenth century writing is a constant reminder to the reader of which time period is being read about and is particularly prominent when the chapter and therefore the time period changes. Furthermore, it means that the reader has to concentrate more and because of the different formation of sentences it is difficult for the reader to follow at times, which is consistent with the detective story theme. Ackroyd wants the reader to be actively involved in the plot and they need to pick up on any small threads that he drops. As the novel progresses, there is an increasing confusion with time, so much so that at points it seems barley present. Ackroyd highlights this with the abundance of flashbacks that both the main characters have and because of this the time is changing not only between the chapters but also within them. Dyer has many flashbacks to his past and they often come without warning or relevance to what was previously talked about.

Regent Park

Chapter 7 Essay Q’s 1. ABC Corporation, a Canadian firm, wants to float a bond issue in the United Kingdom. Which choices does the company have? Discuss the main characteristics of each option. What do you recommend? Answer: ABC Corporation can issue foreign bonds (Bulldogs) or Eurobonds. Foreign bonds are bonds issued by a foreign borrower in a national market, in the national currency, and subject to the national securities regulations. Eurobonds are bonds sold in countries other the country that issued the denominating currency.Foreign bonds tend to be registered bonds and subject to the local regulations while Eurobonds tend to be bearer bonds. Generally, foreign bonds are more costly than Eurobonds. Therefore, Eurobonds are likely the better option. page: 157-158 2. A- Canada Inc. has issued a dual-currency bond that pays $555. 10 at maturity per SF1,000 of par value. The company’s cash flows are exclusively in Canadian dollars. a) What is the implicit $/SF exchang e rate at maturity? b) Will the company be better or worse off if the actual exchange rate at maturity is $0. 6123/SF? Answer: a) $555. 10/SF 1,000 = $ 0. 5551 b) The company will be better off.Page: 175, problem 3 3. ZZZ Corp. wants to issue zero-coupon bonds with a 10-year maturity. The implied yield to maturity on these bonds is 5% and ZZZ Corp. wants to raise $10,000,000. (Assume no transaction costs). How much money will ZZZ Corp. have to pay at maturity of the bond? Answer: 10,000,000 (1. 05)10 = $16,288,946. 27 4. Assume Bank of Montreal has two zero-coupon bonds outstanding, each for a face value $100,000,000. Bond A matures in 10 years and sells at a discount of 35% off face value and bond B matures in 20 years and sells at a discount of 60% off face value. Calculate the implied yield to maturity of each bond.Answer: Bond A: 650,000,000(1 + i)10 = 100,000,000 i = 4. 4% Bond B: 400,000,000(1 + i)20 = 100,000,000 i = 4. 67% 5. What happens to the present value of the bonds in 4. , if the implied yield to maturity increases by 1%? Answer: Bond A: 100,000,000/(1. 054)10 = 59,100,872. 35 The present value of the bond decreases by 65,000,000 59,100,872. 35 = 5,899,127. 65 Bond B: 100,000,000/(1. 0567)20 = 33,186,836. 18 The present value of the bond decreases by 40,000,000 33,186,836. 18 = 6,813,163. 82 Chapter 8 [Question] 1. Assume that Nestle shares are trading at SF 300 in Zurich and $ 51 in New York. Each share equals 4 ADRs.The current exchange rate is SF1. 5/$. In the absence of transaction costs, can you make an arbitrage profit? Answer: Yes. Buy one share in Zurich for SF 300 or $ 200 (300/1. 5), exchange to ADRs and sell the ADRs for 4*51 = $204; profit $4 [Question] 2. Assume that Nestle shares are trading at SF 300 in Zurich and $ 51 in New York. Each share equals 4 ADRs. The current exchange rate is SF1. 5/$. If transaction costs are $1 per ADR, can you make an arbitrage profit? Answer: No, transaction costs = potential profit Potential profit in the absence of transaction costs: Buy one share in Zurich for SF 300 or $ 200 (300/1. ), exchange to ADRs and sell the ADRs for 4*51 = $204; profit $4 [Question] 3. What factors go into the decision to cross-list on a foreign exchange? Answer: When deciding whether to cross-list shares on a foreign exchange, the firm has to consider the expected benefits and costs. The benefits may be: to establish a broader investor base for its stock, to establish name recognition in foreign capital markets, thus paving the way for the firm to source new equity and debt capital from investors in different markets, and to expose the firm’s name to a broader investor and consumer groups.The costs include: listing fees, reconciliation of the accounting standards of two countries, compliance with the regulations of the foreign exchange, and investor relations. page: 187. [Question] 4. Assume that Accor shares are trading at A$2. 5 in Sydney and $28 in New York. Each ADR equals 20 shares. The current exchange rate is A$1. 5/$. In the absence of transaction costs, can you make an arbitrage profit? Answer: Yes. Buy one ADR in New York for $28 (or A$42), exchange to shares and sell the shares for A$50; profit A$8 [Question] 5. Assume that Accor shares are trading at A$2. 5 in Sydney and $28 in New York.Each ADR equals 20 shares. The current exchange rate is A$1. 5/$. At what transaction cost per share would there be no profit opportunity? Answer: A$8/20 = A$0. 4 Buy one ADR in New York for $28 (or A$42), exchange to shares and sell the shares for A$50; profit A$8 less transaction cost of 20*. 4 = A$8; profit = 0 Chapter 9 – I don’t believe there will be anything from here tho Chapter 10 [Question] 1. The following information is given: Both parties want to engage in an interest rate swap. Assume that S Bank will arrange for an interest rate swap between X Company and Y Company for 0. % . Also, assume that X Company gets 2/3 of the interest savings available. a) Which company has a better credit rating? b) What is the quality spread differential? c) What is X Company’s preferred type of debt? What rate of interest does it pay on this debt after the swap? d) What is Y Company’s preferred type of debt? What rate of interest does it pay on this debt after the swap? e) Illustrate the cash flows from this swap. Assume that X Company pays LIBOR to S Bank. Answer: a) X Company b) QSD = 2 1. 3 = 0. 7 c) Floating LIBOR . 4 d) Fixed 6. 8% e) [Question] 2.The following information is given. ABC Inc. and XYZ Inc. have agreed to swap their debt payments so that each firm gets its preferred debt terms. They can arrange an interest rate swap through Big Bank. Big bank charges 0. 15% for its services. The remaining savings from the interest rate swap are equally shared by A and B. QSD: 1% . 25% = . 75%; after bank fees: . 75% . 15% = . 60% savings available a) Does ABC Inc. prefer fixed or floating rate debt? What rate does it pay on its p referred debt? b) Does XYZ Inc. prefer fixed or floating rate debt? What rate does it pay on its preferred debt? ) What are the total interest savings available in this interest rate swap? d) Which company has a better credit rating? Answer: a) ABC Inc. prefers floating and pays LIBOR + . 2 b) Interest Savings: 0. 6%. QSD bank fees = (6 5) (LIBOR + . 75 LIBOR + 0. 50) 0. 15 c) XYZ Inc. prefers fixed and pays 5. 7% d) Company ABC has a better credit rating [Question] 3. The following information is given. Boeing and Airbus have agreed to swap their debt payments so that each firm gets its preferred debt terms. Each firm will save the same amount in percentage terms. ) Does Boeing prefer fixed or floating rate debt? What rate does it pay on its preferred debt? b) Does Airbus prefer fixed or floating rate debt? What rate does it pay on its preferred debt? c) What are the total interest savings available in this interest rate swap? d) Which company has the advantage in fixed rate debt? Answer: a) Boeing prefers floating and pays LIBOR + 0. 05%. b) Airbus prefers fixed and pays 5. 5%. c) Interest Savings 0. 4%. d) Boeing has the advantage in fixed dollar debt. [Question] 4. ABC Corporation has entered into a 10-year interest rate swap with a swap bank. ABC Corp. ays the swap bank a fixed-rate of 6 percent annually on a notional amount of EUR100,000,000 and receives LIBOR – ? percent. What is the price of the swap on the seventh reset date, assuming that the fixed-rate at which ABC can borrow has decreased to 5%. Answer: PV of a hypothetical bond issue of EUR100,000,000 with three remaining 6 percent coupon payments at the new fixed rate of 5 percent is EUR100,000,000/1. 1576 = EUR86,385,625. 54 PV of the three coupon payments is: (6,000,000/1. 05) + (6,000,000/1. 1025) + (6,000,000/1. 1576) = EUR 16,339,488. 18 PV of the Bond and its coupon is = 102,725,113. 1 Therefore, the price of the swap = 100,000,000 102,725,113. 61 = 2,725,113. 61 [Question] 5. Canada Corporation enters into a 2-year interest rate swap with Bank A in which it agrees to pay the swap bank a fixed-rate of 5 percent annually on a notional amount of US$1,000,000 and receive LIBOR – 1 percent. Determine the price of the swap on the first reset date, assuming that the fixed-rate at which Canada Corporation can borrow has stayed unchanged. Answer: PV of a hypothetical bond issue of US$ 1,000,000 with one remaining 5 percent coupon payments at the fixed rate of 5 percent is US$1,000,000Therefore, the price of the swap = 1,000,000 1,000,000 = 0 Chapter 11 [Question] 1. A US investor bought shares in ABC Inc. on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange 2 years ago for EUR 10,000. The exchange rate at that time was EUR 1. 20/USD. Currently, the shares are worth EUR 11,000 and the exchange rate is EUR 0. 80/$. Calculate the investor’s annual percentage rate of return in terms of the U. S. dollars. Answer: The annual percentage rate of return is: 28. 45%. 2-year rate of ret urn = (11,000/0. 8 10,000/1. 2)/(10,000/1. 2) = 0. 65 (1 + r)2 = 1. 65 r = 0. 2845 [Question] 2. A US investor bought shares in ABC Inc. n the Frankfurt Stock Exchange 2 years ago for EUR 10,000. The exchange rate at that time was EUR 1. 20/USD. Currently, the shares are worth EUR 11,000 and the exchange rate is EUR 0. 80/$. The investor had sold EUR 10,000 (the principal investment amount at the same time that the stock was purchased) forward at the forward exchange rate of EUR 1. 15/$. What is the dollar rate of return? Assume that the unhedged portion of the investment is exchanged at the current exchange rate. Answer: The annual dollar rate of return is 9. 25%. 2-year rate of return = (10,000/1. 15 + 1,000/0. 8 10,000/1. )/(10,000/1. 2) = 0. 1935 (1 + r)2 = 1. 1935 r = 0. 0925 [Question] 3. In May 2003 when the exchange rate was Yen 110/$, Nissan Motor Company invested ? 1,100,000,000 in pure-discount U. S. bonds and liquidated the investment one year later when the exchange rat e was Yen 105/$. The Yen rate of return earned on this investment was 10%. a) Calculate the dollar amount that the bonds were sold at. b) Calculate the dollar rate of return of this investment. Answer: a) The dollar amount that the bonds were sold at is: $11,523,809. 0. 1 = (X*105 1,100,000,000)/1 ,100,000,000) b) The dollar rate of return is:15. 4%. (11,523,809 10,000,000)/10,000,000 = . 1524 [Question] 4. A Canadian investor buys shares in DaimlerChrysler on the New York Stock Exchange when the stock’s price and the exchange rate were US$ 40 and US$0. 70/C$ respectively. One year later the investor sells the shares for US$ 41 and the exchange rate is US$0. 80/$. a) Calculate the investor’s annual percentage rate of return in terms of the U. S. dollars. b) Calculate the investor’s annual percentage rate of return in Canadian dollars. Answer: a) Rate of return: (41 40)/40*100 = 2. 5% b) Purchase price in Canadian dollars = 40/. 70 = 57. 4 Selling price in Canadi an dollars = 41/. 80 = 51. 25 Therefore, the Canadian dollar rate of return is: R(C$) = [(51. 25 57. 14)/51. 25] 100 = 10. 313% Chapter 12 1. How can operating exposure be managed? Answer: The object of managing operating exposure is to stabilize cash flows when exchange rates are fluctuating. There are a number of ways in which operating exposure can be managed: (1) selecting low cost production sites (2) using a flexible sourcing policy (3) diversification of the market (4) product differentiation and R&D efforts (5) financial hedging page: 302-304 [Question] 2.Banff Inc. is headquartered in Calgary and produces high-end living room furniture. The firm has a subsidiary in Germany. The wooden frames of the sofas are made in Calgary by an independent contractor and then shipped to Germany. The German subsidiary then upholsters the sofas using Belgium fabrics. Each frame costs the subsidiary C$1,500. The materials and labour for the upholstery amount to euro 2,000 per sofa. Fixed ove rhead costs are euro 1,500,000 for the subsidiary. Banff Inc. expects to be able to sell 3,000 Sofas for 5,000 euros each. The firm can depreciate 1,000,000 euros per year.The German income tax rate is 40%. The current exchange rate is C$1. 5/euro. How would the operating cash flows (expressed in Canadian dollars) change if the exchange rate is C$1. 6/euro, all else equal? Answer: The operating income would increase by C$340,000. [Question] 3. Banff Inc. is headquartered in Calgary and produces high-end living room furniture. The firm has a subsidiary in Germany. The wooden frames of the sofas are made in Calgary by an independent contractor and then shipped to Germany. The German subsidiary then upholsters the sofas using Belgium fabrics.Each frame costs the subsidiary C$1,500. The materials and labour for the upholstery amount to euro 2,000 per sofa. Fixed overhead costs are euro 1,500,000 for the subsidiary. Banff Inc. expects to be able to sell 3,000 Sofas for 5,000 euros each. The firm can depreciate 1,000,000 euros per year. The German income tax rate is 40%. The current exchange rate is C$1. 5/euro. How would the operating cash flows (expressed in Canadian dollars) change if the exchange rate is C$1. 4/euro, all else equal? Answer: The operating income would decrease by C$ 340,000. [Question] 4. Banff Inc. s headquartered in Calgary and produces high-end living room furniture. The firm has a subsidiary in Germany. The wooden frames of the sofas are made in Calgary by an independent contractor and then shipped to Germany. The German subsidiary then upholsters the sofas using Belgium fabrics. Each frame costs the subsidiary C$1,500. The materials and labour for the upholstery amount to euro 2,000 per sofa. Fixed overhead costs are euro 1,500,000 for the subsidiary. Banff Inc. expects to be able to sell 3,000 Sofas for 5,000 euros each. The firm can depreciate 1,000,000 euros per year.The German income tax rate is 40%. The current exchange rate is C$1. 5/e uro. How would the operating cash flows (expressed in Canadian dollars) change if the exchange rate is C$1. 4/euro, the German inflation rate is 3% but the firm will not be able to raise the price for its products and due to new competition from the Russian market (with a more favorable exchange rate) unit sales drop to 2,500? Answer: The operating income would decrease by C$ 1,276,000. [Question] 5. ABC Inc. , a Canadian paper manufacturer, has a subsidiary in the United States which sources its wood from Canada.The US dollar depreciates rapidly. Discuss the likely competitive and conversion effects of the depreciation of the US dollar. Answer: The depreciation of the US dollar may alter the firm’s competitive position in the US market place. First of all, the input costs of the subsidiary in terms of US dollars are increasing. If the competitors source their raw materials in the United States, the competitive position of ABC Inc. ’s subsidiary will be eroded. The con version effect implies in this case that the US dollar operating cash flows will be translated into a lower Canadian dollar value. page: 297-298Chapter 13 1. Sonnenschein A. G. , a German retailer of solar panels just bought panels for US $ 100,000 to be paid in 120 days. As the financial manager, you are responsible for making a recommendation on the best hedging choice available to Sonnenschein A. G. You check with your banker and find out the following: The spot bid and ask rates are USD 1. 1001/EUR and USD 1. 0953/EUR respectively and the 120-day forward rates are EUR 0. 8850/USD and EUR 0. 8950/USD. Determine the net payables if Sonnenschein uses a forward hedge to manage its payables. Answer: US$ 100,000*0. 8950 = EUR 89,500 Question] 2. Pile-of-Bones Inc. , headquartered in Regina, just bought snowblowers for US $ 100,000 to be paid in 90 days. As the financial manager, you are responsible for making a recommendation on the best hedging choice available to Pile-of-Bones Inc. You check with your banker and find out the following: The current spot rate is C$ 1. 35/US$ and the 90-day forward rate is C$1. 36/US$. The interest rates are 5% in the United States and 6% in Canada. a) What are the net payables if Pile-of-Bones uses a forward hedge? b) What are the net payables if Pile-of-Bones uses a money market hedge? ) Which type of hedge should Pile-of-Bones use? Answer: a) 100,000*1. 36 = 136,000 b) 100,000/(1 + . 05/4) = 98,765. 43 98,765. 43*1. 35 = 133,333. 33 133,333. 33*(1 + . 025) = 136,666. 67 c) Pile-of-Bones should use forward hedge. [Question] 3. Soleil Inc. , a French manufacturer of sunscreen, has agreed to sell sunscreen to a Danish retailer for 2 million Danish kroner to be received in 180 days. The current spot rate is DKR5. 02/EUR and the 180-day forward rate is DKR5. 23/EUR. The current interest rates are 5% in Denmark and 4% in France. Should the firm use a forward hedge or a money market hedge?Explain. Answer: The net proceeds from a forw ard hedge are: 2,000,000/5. 23 = 382,409. 17 The net proceeds from a money market hedge are: 2,000,000/(1. 05) = 1,903,761. 90 1,903,761. 90/5. 02 = 379,434. 64 379,434. 64*1. 04 = EUR394,612. 02 Since the net proceeds from the money market hedge are higher than from a forward market hedge, Soleil should use the money market hedge. [Question] 4. Quebec Inc. , manufactures prefabricated houses in Quebec and sells them all over the world in local currencies. The firm has just received an order from China for renminbi 8,280,000 to be paid at delivery in 1 year.The Chinese renminbi is pegged to the US dollar at an exchange rate of 8. 28 per dollar. Does Quebec Inc have a transaction exposure? Explain. Answer: Quebec Inc is exposed to exchange rate risk. First of all, the Chinese government may choose to change the exchange rate at which the renminbi is pegged or drop the peg altogether within the next year. Even if the government does not intervene, Quebec Inc. is exposed to the US doll ar-Canadian dollar exchange rate since the renminbi is pegged to the US Dollar and not the Canadian dollar. [Question] 5. Fashion Shoes Inc. anufactures its shoes in Milano, Italy. The company just received an order from the United States for USD 1 million to be received in one year. The current spot rate is EUR 1 /USD and the 1 year forward rate is EUR 1. 01/USD. The current interest rates are 4% in the United States and 5% in Italy. A call option on the US dollar is available with a strike price of EUR 1. 01/USD and a premium of EUR 0. 03 and a put option is available with a strike price of EUR 1/USD and a premium of EUR 0. 025/USD. Determine the net proceeds from a forward hedge and an options hedge. Which option should Fashion Shoes use?Answer: Forward hedge: USD 1,000,000*1. 01 = EUR 1,010,000 Option hedge: Use the put option on the USD. Net proceeds from the options hedge: Strike price: USD 1,000,000*1 = EUR 1,000,000 Less premium in year 1 euros: 1,000,000*0. 025(1 + . 05) = 26,250 net proceeds: 1,000,000 26,250 = 973,750. The choice of the hedging strategy depends on exchange rate expectations. The option will provide a minimum of EUR 973,750 but if the dollar strengthens (i. e. the spot rate in one year is greater than EUR1. 03625/USD) the option will provide higher cash flows than the forward hedge.

Geez Luis the Making Essay

It is tricky to embrace historical globalization without re-inflicting devastation so the †¦ .com/essays/To-What-Extent-Should-Contemporary-Soiety-1015970. html †¦ To What Extent Should Contemporary Society Respond To The Legacies Of Historical †¦ To what extent should contemporary society respond to the legacies †¦ answers. yahoo. com †º All Categories †º Social Science †º Economics? Apr 21, 2009 – To what extent should contemporary society respond to the legacies of †¦ So I have to do this essay for my grade 10-1 social class and well I †¦ To what extent does society respond to the legacies of historical †¦ wiki. answers. com †º †¦ †º History, Politics & Society †º History †º Ancient History? Relevant answers: How should contemporary society respond to that legacy of historical globalization? We need to learn from thes actions of globalization and †¦ How should we respond to Legacies of Historical Globalization? For †¦ www. enotes. com/†¦ /how-should-we-respond-legacies-historical-393995? Apr 27, 2010 – What ever remnants of these historical legacies are present in the world today, should be routed out by sincere and concerted efforts. Also we †¦ [PDF] Chapter 8 Living with the Legacies of Historical Globalization – Home fc. gsacrd. ab. ca/†¦ /Exploring%20Globalization,%20Chapter%208. pdf? To what extent should contemporary society respond to the legacies of historical globalization? †¢ MHR. 188. Figure 8-2 One legacy of historical globalization in †¦ [PDF] Impacts of Historical Globalization.

Parthenon essays

Parthenon essays The Parthenon of Athens, which is located in Greece, has probably received more attention from than any other ancient structure. Words and photographs cannot do this great accomplishment justice. The Parthenons construction, history, sculptures and its dreadful condition all tells a story, a story of a creative triumphant victory for the Greeks. An Internet source states, the name Parthenon refers to the worship of Athena Parthenos, the 'Virgin Athena' who issued fully grown from the head of her father Zeus. The maiden goddess and patroness of Athens, she represents the highest order of spiritual development and the gifts of intellect and understanding. Pure in body, mind and heart, Athena is the symbol of the universal human aspiration for wisdom. The Parthenon has suffered greatly from time, so that it is only a portion of its original self. The Parthenon survived into the early modern era almost entirely in tact. It was preserved because the building remained in constant use; first converted into a church in the sixth century, and then into a mosque after the Islamic conquest by the Turks. Unfortunately, during the late seventeenth century the Parthenon was also used as a powder magazine. In 1687, in their battle to take Athens from the Turks, the Venetians shelled the Acropolis. In spite of being rather terrible shots, theVentians after three days of shelling finally made a direct hit. The resulting explosion blew the roof off the Parthenon and knocked huge holes on all four sides. The building suffered further in the first decade of the nineteenth-century when the British envoy to Ottoman Court, Lord Elgin, removed a great deal of the sculpture and brought it to England. Air pollution especially during the last half-ce ntury has also contributed to the degradation of the building and forced the removal of most of the remaining sculptures. The condition we find the Parthenon in today is largely due to late ...

Unbroken by Laura Hillenbrandâ€Discussion Questions

'Unbroken' by Laura Hillenbrand- Discussion Questions   Unbroken by Laura Hillenbrand is the true story of Louis Zamparini, who was an Olympic runner that survived for more than a month on a raft in the Pacific Ocean after crashing his plane during World War II. He was then taken as a Prisoner of War by the Japanese. Hillenbrand tells his story in parts, and these book club questions are also divided by parts of the book so that groups or individuals can discuss the story over time or focus on the areas they want to discuss more deeply. Spoiler Warning: These questions contain details about the end of Unbroken. Finish each section before reading the questions for that part. Part I Were you interested in Part I, which was mostly about Louis childhood and running career?How do you think his childhood and Olympic training helped him survive what would come later? Part II Were you surprised by how many servicemen died in flight training or in planes that went down outside of combat?Superman received 594 holes in the battle over Nauru. What did you think of the descriptions of this air battle? Were you surprised by their ability to survive despite being hit so many times?Did you learn anything new about the Pacific theater during World War II through this part of the book? Part III How do you think Louie survived the crash?What were details of the mens survival on the raft most interesting to you? How they found and saved water or food? The ways they kept up their mental acuity? The lack of provisions in the life raft?What role did emotional and mental state play in Phil and Louies survival? How did they keep their minds sharp? Why was this important?Were you surprised by how ferocious the sharks  were?Louie had several religious experiences on the raft that led to a new belief in God: surviving the gunning by the Japanese bomber, the tranquil day at sea, the provision of rainwater and seeing singing in the clouds. What do you make of these experiences? How were they important to his life story? Part IV Were you aware of how severely the Japanese treated Prisoners of War during World War II? Were you surprised to learn how much worse it was for men captured in the Pacific war than for those captured by Nazis?When Louie is interviewed just after his release, he says If I knew I had to go through those experiences again, Id kill myself (321). As they were going through it, how do you think Louie and Phil survived the starvation and brutality they faced as prisoners?What were the ways the Japanese tried to break the mens spirits? Why does the author focus on how this was worse in many ways than the physical cruelty? What do you think was the hardest thing the men had to endure?Later in the narrative, we learn that the Bird and many of the other soldiers were pardoned? What do you think of this decision?How do you think the men escaped the Kill All order?Why do you think Louies family never gave up hope that he was alive? Part V Epilogue In many ways, Louies unraveling is not surprising considering all he endured. After attending the Billy Graham crusade, however, he never experienced another vision of the Bird, he saved his marriage and he was able to move on with his life. Why do you think this is? What roles did forgiveness and gratitude play in his ability to move on? How did he see God at work throughout his whole experience despite the unimaginable suffering he experienced?From the moment of their rescue through the present day publishing of this book and the movie adaptation, Louie Zamparini has received significant media attention whereas Allen Phillips was treated as a trivial footnote in what was celebrated as Louies story (385). Why do you think that was?Louie continued to have adventures well into old age? What parts of his post-war story were most notable to you?Rate Unbroken on a scale of 1 to 5. Details of the book: Unbroken by Laura Hillenbrand was published in November 2010.Publisher: Random House496 PagesThe movie adaptation of Unbroken was released in December 2014.

In relation to perception,what does it mean that we all lok at Essay

In relation to perception,what does it mean that we all lok at different situations in the work place though different lenses Why it is important for a manager - Essay Example The mind then processes it and makes it available for retrieval. The perceiver then responds according to the interpretations of the perceived situation or object. In the workplace, it is very important for a manager to understand how perception may help or hinder his management. There are different situations happening within the workplace that may affect the performance of the management and the employees depending on their perception of the issue or situation. The issues and events happening around the workplace are interpreted differently depending on their rank and status in the workplace. For example, an employee may see a rewards program as ineffective because of the lack of enticing rewards it offers and a manager may see it as ineffective because of the lack of participation from the employees. Depending on his role in the workplace, the individual interprets the situation in relation to his level of work. Understanding that the workplace is a vast field of opinions and interpretations, the manager can use his perception and that of his subordinates to improve their work performance and work relationships. The primary responsibility of a manager is to oversee and to manage the business or his assigned department, including the people within. With this responsibility comes the different situations in which he has to use his decision-making skills effectively and efficiently. Perception is very important in fulfilling this responsibility. Filtering out information that are not necessary to fulfill the task is important (Howard n.d.). Knowing what is needed information and what is not needed is important as it will define how the manager interprets and analyzes the situation. When making decisions, analyzing facts is more important than judging the situation based on intuition. Perception of an action depends on the meaning attributed to the

Media analysis paper examining leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Media analysis paper examining leadership - Essay Example In episode 2 of restaurant impossible, the men’s teams are meeting to chant the way forward on an advertisement campaign to promote restaurant services (Cathy 2014). Robert Irvine who is the project manager depicts a number of characteristics leadership where he portrays a discursive technique by engaging his fellow members. We see Irvine trying to convey direct directives and bringing to the fore challenging questions for other members to ponder and find the best approach to undertake. Irvine comes up with a proposal on division of labour in form of statements, for instance he uses the phrase ‘need’ to assign roles (Northouse 2013). Robert Irvine exemplifies himself as a leader by dominating the floor as the resultant task assigner and spells out his role as the floater. According to the different leadership theories, Irvine portrays that a leader is born and made. In this perspective we find that Irvine is influenced by the situation to stand with his team to make the best alternatives. The situation influences him to stand out as the coordinator of the campaign. This can be cemented by the attributes and the use of ‘okay’ which is an approach that ensures that the members completely comprehend their roles, this is typical to most leaders as a leader as to ensure that the subordinates are ready for the tasks. Irvine displays a high degree of leadership which according to a member of his team is a positive technique (Northouse 2013). In episode 4, Robert Irvine travels to Italy to save a collapsing Italy restaurant. Robert Irvine is recognized as the leader and allowed to adopt all the changes he may require in the group. Robert Irvine accused of trying to curtail the decisions that his team mates makes on the business campaign, a member is quoted saying ‘you’re obviously getting mad that I’m thinking on my own’.

Harley Davidsons International Business Strategy Essay

Harley Davidsons International Business Strategy - Essay Example I would consider my expansion in two major countries that are attracting many other international firms; India and China. The two countries hold a lot of potential due to their massive population factor that increases the number of people who would be interested in buying the Harley Davidson Bike. The decision of Harley Davidson of not producing overseas might have some through thinking behind it but I evaluate this as a step backward by not exploring international production facilities that would surely decrease the cost of production per unit for Harley Davidson bike due to cheap labor available internationally like in countries China; Taiwan, Korea etc With International manufacturing facilities; Harley Davidson can not only take advantage of the cheap labor cost but also other aspects that affect the cost of production e.g. energy cost; Capital cost and the region’s local laws and tariffs that might facilitate Harley Davidson. Through International Manufacturing bases; Harley Davidson can also make effective measures in maintaining their inventories for the nearby target Markets. The disadvantage of Harley Davidson opening an overseas manufacturing facility can be a possible slide down of high quality that Harley Davidson has maintained with its product line as Quality standards are much hard to manage from a distance far from the central control. The movement from product to services has affected positively for the company. The sense of adventure that a Harley customer gets from the bike is well tapped by the company. Product maintenance service; after sale customer service and creating accessories other than those related to the bike itself has created a feeling of belongingness to the â€Å"Harley Owner Group†. The major competitive advantage that UPS has is the constant introduction of modern technology.

Robots in Society and the Future

Robots in Society and the Future It is a very true slogan from Adidas brand, Nothing is Impossible. Humans abilities are limited, and that is why robots are created. Have you ever imagine that, when you wake up in the morning, once you open up your eyes, everything that is in your mind such as breakfast, office wear, slippers and even more have already being prepared by your robot-slave. You do not have to do anything; all you have to do is, sit and wait! You just have to sit on your bed and wait for your robot to serve you, arent your life will be easier and wonderful? From this, we can see that how amazing it could be with the existence of robots. May be in the future, they are only our trusted friends. The unstoppable improvements of modern technologies, in the same line, robots are introduced into various fields to assist the humans reckless abilities to improve their live. They have been widely used in industrial sector and also for personal use. The creation of robots is not only to assist us, but they give us good opportunities to be our substitute for exploration and experiment the new risky things that human had never dare to try but hunger to achieve. Our purpose of this report is to find out the kinds of robots that have been introduced into our life and the future robots. Our objectives are to find out: What are robots? Why do they exist? How do robots exist? What can they do? How far they can do? What are the side effects for human if they are over-populated? What is in humans expectation on future robots? 2.0 Findings and Discussion 2.1 What are robots? 2.1.1 Brief History of Robot When we said robots, we all feel that it was just only been made in this modern era. Actually the first creation of robot has been made centuries ago. The famous Leonardo da Vinci is also among all the creators who are involve in the creation and innovation of robots. The basic principles that motivate people to create the robots are to bring the advantages to mankind. First of all, the creations of robot begin with simple concept, with look like human, and then it can move. Through the evolution in times, the robots now are involving, now it can walk, talk, and behave like humans. The improvement of robots will never end, but now we can start to imagine how far robots will become in future. 2.1.2 Concept of Robot Isaac Asimov (January 2, 1920 April 6, 1992)Generally, in all humans thoughts, robots are human-like machines that have heads and limbs, move and talk like human, either with or without their own thoughts and can be fully automatic, or partially otherwise completely controlled by human. However in the world of reality, the basic concept of a robot is: a machine which is programmed to move and perform multitude tasks automatically, or may be partially controlled by human. It does not mean that robots must be built mimic to human, in fact they can be in any forms and shapes with different appearances as long as they meet the basic concept. According to a popular science fiction author, Isaac Asimov [1], he came out with 3 basic laws for robots, which they called it call Asimovs Three Laws of Robotics: Robots must never harm human beings. Robots must follow instructions from human without violating rule 1. Robots must protect themselves without violating the other rules. 2.1.3 Classification of Robots With the indefinite intelligence of human, robots have been invented in different kinds and ways, performing myriad tasks and jobs. The following are the basic classifications [2] for different robots: Tele-robots Tele-robots are robots that need to be direct operated by human beings through remote control sytem. The best example will be the toy robots for kids, where these entertainment robots are needed to be guided by human to move, turn, or carry out tasks. Telepresence Robots The manipulations for telepresence robots are much similar to the Tele-robots above. The different is that telepresence robots will send back video, sound and other data to make the operator to feel more like they are in the robots. These robots are suitable to be used in exploration field, especially when the targeted exploration area is not accessible for human. Static Robots They are robots which are not movable from places to places. They are fixed permanently on one physical location to perform their tasks using only a part of their movable components. Static robots have been widely used, such as robotic arms, in factories and laboratories to handle hazardous materials and chemicals. In Malaysia, static robots or robotic arms can be seen in car manufacturing factories. Mobile/Autonomous Robots These robots navigate and perform their chores and duties without the intervention of human. They have been created to have high intelligence to deal with any environments such as on land, sky and even underwater. These robots are normally wheeled, or with wings, propeller and etc, depending on their uses. Aerial mobile robots are referred to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) which have been used by countries with advanced technologies for military purposes. For underwater mobile robots, they are usually called Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) and are used in sea exploration, military and commercial purposes. Androids Androids, which can also being called as Humanoid Robots, are being built to mimic human. They will have basic structures of human including head, body, hands and legs. Some of them have been installed with devices to produce sound or talk like human. 2.2 Why do they exist? As we all know, humans abilities are limited. Thus, we need something to fulfil our incompleteness and we have chosen the robots to do that for us. This can be clearly described when we use robots to carry and move heavy objects in our daily life. Land mine detectorOr, in the condition that risky jobs involve which may sacrifice the priceless life of human being, it will be wise to use robots as to replace the jobs for us to avoid any unnecessary sacrificing. Exploration for mines, space and underwater are example of highly dangerous tasks and these places are almost impossible for human to access. Sacrificing robots which can be valued in money is a much more intelligent act instead of sending the humans priceless souls to the path of death. In addition, assistance from robots arms for handling hazardous and acidic chemicals can also be widely used in laboratories to take the place of humans arms. Autonomous robot cleanerAnother main reason for the existence of robots is because of the demand of human to enjoy ease and comfort in their life. Everyone in this world is demanding to live in the best and easiest way in their life, without the need to do anything and waits to be served, in another words, the laziness of human beings caused the existence of robots. Example, there are robots being invented to clean and vacuum the house. Apparently, human in the world today are so lazy until they do not wish to do the household chores by themselves. Although this statement is not fair, but yet this is one of the very true facts. For workaholics, these robots are perfect in sharing responsibilities of household chores. 2.3 How do they exist? 2.3.1 Components of Robots For the basic layout of the generalised robots which are mostly correspond to animal, or even a human, are being made up with these components: The Brain Just as humans brain, it is the main system that operates a robot. It is a microprocessor which functions like a computer. Specialised programs are installed so that they can move without the controls of human. The Eyes There are made up from camera, sensor, ranging sonar and etc. There are used for navigating the robots movement, capture and recording the images of its surrounding, and estimate the range of its movement towards any objects or destination. There are also sensors that can help the robots to avoid from obstacles while moving. The Ears Some robots have been invented with sound recognition features. So, these robots require ears. Basically, the ears of these robots are also made up from sensors to detect sound waves and they are to be sent to microprocessor for detailed analysis. Communication System Communication between robots and human are greatly important. Besides receiving commands and orders from their owner, it is also generally important for the robots to tell their owners when something goes wrong. These communication systems can be in form of sound alarms or lights to grab the attentions of their owners. In order to transmit the sound or light, they need components like data, video or sound transmitters. Muscles It is the main component for the robots to move their limbs and carry out tasks. The limbs are commonly operated by electricity. In this case, the electricity functions as the muscles. However, some robots have been designed and created to do heavy duties like carrying heavy objects. Thus, electricity will be substituted with hydraulic technology or pneumatic technology. Limbs They can be as usual as humans hands and legs, fingers and toes. But in some situations, hands and legs are not that suitable to be used. Hence, the limbs of these robots are also available in wheels, tires, track rollers, propellers and etc. 2.3.2 Technologies Involved 2.3.2.1 Sensor Technologies A  sensor is a device, which is use to senses the objects and the surrounding. There are many kinds of applications for sensors which most people are never aware. Applications include cars, machines, aerospace, medicine, manufacturing and robotics. Sensors are the sensory system for robots, are much like humans 5 senses: sight, touch, smell, hearing, and taste. The robots sensors sense the environmental like touch, distance, light, sound, strain, rotation, magnetism, smell, temperature, inclination, pressure, or altitude. Then it provides the data that must be processed to provide information to allow the robot to respond. Robots are equipped with sensors so they can have an understanding of their surrounding environment and make changes in their behavior. The following are the common sensors used in robots [3]: Rotation Sensors They are used to measure the angle of a robotic arm, or how far a mobile robots wheel has turned. Global Positioning Systems Global Positioning Systems (GPS) receive signals from orbiting satellites that pinpoint the location of an outdoor robot on the Earth. Laser range Finder Laser range finders use laser beams to measure the distance to objects. They are used for obstacle detection and navigation. Computer Vision Computer Vision  is the field of study of interpreting camera images for a variety of purposes. Cameras are very common sensors; it can be say as the eyes of robot. Light Sensor Sensor for measures and differentiate light levels reflected from bright and dark surfaces. It is also use as the eyes of the robot, it helps in navigating, detect bright object, tell the different between coloured objects. Touch Sensors The uses of touch sensors are to detect contact between the robot and external objects surround it. Other example of sensors [4]: Ultrasonic Range Sensors Infrared Sensors Inertia Measurement Unit Accelerometers Current and Voltage Sensors Temperature and Humidity Sensors Camera and Vision Sensors Obstacle Detectors Force Sensors Sound detectors and etc. 2.3.2.2 Hydraulic Technologies Hydraulics  is the equipment or machinery involves or is operated by a fluid that is under pressure, such as water or oil.  This system used to increase the power of force to produce maximum energy required. Hydraulic systems are widely used in various industries to operate and manufacture many products. Hydraulic usually applied on machines and robotic part [5]. 2.3.2.3 Pneumatic Technologies Pneumatics technology is operated by air under pressure and it is powerful. Pneumatic means filled with air. It is quiet similar to hydraulic, the only different are it is operated by air, where as hydraulic is operated by liquid. Examples of pneumatic systems: Air compressor, electro-pneumatic action, tubular-pneumatic action, vacuum pump, compressed-air engine, air brakes, air engines, pneumatics launchers Pneumatic robot arm operated by human. Pneumatic can have long operating lives and require very little maintenance, but it is not easily damaged by shock [6]. 2.4 Uses of Robots in Various Fields 2.4.1 Medical Field An endoscope A laparoscopic surgery machineWhen we talk about robots performing tasks of human, we talk about future. But the use of robots in surgery is already a reality. The developments of technologies have brought various robotic devices into the medical field and these advanced robotic devices have been performing as a great assistant in a surgery room for today. With these robotic systems, the operation has become much less invasive but however, due to some disadvantages of these systems, surgeons are still cannot being replaced. Minimally invasive surgery is a broad concept including many common procedures that existed prior to the introduction of robots, such as gall bladder excisions. It refers to procedures that avoid long cuts by entering the body through a small entry [7]. However, surgeons can perform this procedure by using long handled surgery equipments and the guidance of viewing equipment such as endoscope; therefore it is not a necessary to use robots to do that. But yet, it d oes not mean robots are then do not categorised under minimally invasive surgery. Robot-assisted surgery system can be divided into 3 kinds which are supervisory-controlled system, telesurgical system and shared-control system. First, supervisory-controlled system is a system that allows the robots to perform tasks individually which will act according to the computer programme where the surgeons inputs into them earlier. Next, the telesurgical system which is also known as remote surgical requires the direct involvement of surgeons to conduct the robots arm rather than allowing it to perform surgery procedures by itself. Because the robot is still technically performing the procedures, so it is still considered under the subgroup of robotic surgery. The third system will be shared-control system. In this system, it requires the most involvement of surgeons. The surgeon carries out the procedure with the use of a robot that offers steady-hand manipulations of the instrument. This enables both entities to jointly perform the tasks [7]. Overall, the main difference between these 3 systems is the degree of interaction between the surgeons and the robots during the procedures. [8] Although the robot-surgeons can perform as a great assistant in surgery rooms, however there is nothing to be one hundred percents safe, including these robots. Mechanical devices including robots have the potentials to be malfunction and contravened the concept of minimally invasive surgery, or even worse, causing harm to the patients. Hence, safety of using these equipments has been questioned. Manufacturers have endeavoured to reduce the risks of malfunctioning of robots by installing related safety features. Nevertheless, these safety measurements have caused these robots increase in cost, making them unaffordable. Source: Table from Howe, RD, Matsuoka, Y. Robotics for Surgery. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering. 1999, 01:213. The following table shows and compares the strength and limitation of using human-surgeon and robot-surgeon: 2.4.2 Military Field The military does not usually use the term robot, but they categorise and name the robots into Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) and Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), depending on the environment they operated. Using of these robots in the war field can always being seen by technology-advanced countries, especially United State. Instead of sending their armies to combat in the war, they dispatch robots with weapon-equipped to the field. Even though they claimed that with this it can reduce the sacrificing of their armies but in fact, they are creating a larger offense towards their so-called enemy which may also cause more injuries to the innocents during the war. Yet in this decade, with the rapid increasing in research and development, scientists and researchers have manufactured robots that do not fight but to safe the people and also recovering the situation to a safety level. Let us discuss these military robots according to their categories. TALON SWORDS with different weaponriesUnmanned Ground Vehicles [9], or UGVs, are vehicles that require the needs of human to operate through remote-controlled system via a wireless communication link. UGVs are commonly telepresence robots which they are able to send feedback of images captured by video cameras which have been installed, to the operator. There are also robots equipped with weapon, and the most popular of its kind is TALON. According to Foster Miller [10], TALON is now a military robot that has most advanced technologies installed in it which it can moves through sand, water, snow and even staircases. With the cameras installed, it can transmit images in colours, black and white, infrared and night vision to the operator who is far away for up to 1km. SWORDS [11] or Special Weapon Observation Reconnaissance Detection System is a system where robots are granted with weapons and it was specially designed for the US armies. These robots were ever used by US Special Forces in the war against the Taliban in Afghanistan as well as the role to dispose explosive mines. Besides, there are also robots/vehicles that perform autonomously. Autonomous UGVs basically do not BEAR Rescue Military Robot involve in combat, but they carried out tasks like logistics, supplying of materials to the war fields, rescue operation, fire fighting, mine detection and disposal and etc. Rescue operation has been carried out by robots in an active battlefield to take care of the casualties and if necessitate, carry the casualties out from the field. The BEAR rescue military robots [12] have been designed with powerful upper body with hydraulics technology, track rollers as legs and dynamic balancing behaviour. UAVs with Hellfire-Missiles Next, robots that navigate in the sky without intervention human crews are called Unmanned Aerial Vehicles [13], or UAVs, but can be partially operated through remote or in this decade; they have been invented to be fully autonomous through pre-programming flight plans. UAVs are available in various shapes, features, characteristics and configurations. They have been widely used in a lot of countries to play a role in battlefields, logistic (cargo), research and development, civil and commercial. For most of the time, they have been a great assistant for the soldier troops to provide battlefield intelligence and bombard the targeted area. Military UAVs have been installed with various weapon including missiles and bombs. The US Army has been using this feature during their conquering in the war [14] with Afghanistan, Pakistan, Yemen and Iraq. In between, error targeting and faulty intelligence caused numbers of innocent civilian to dead. Due to large size of common UAVs, tiny spy robots Robot Flies [12] have been created so to access into confined and cluttered spaces within the buildings, tunnels, stairwells or caves for surveillance and reconnaissance purposes. It is stated that there are also possibilities to equip these robots with small explosive charges to destroy on a small specific area instead of destroying the whole. Robot Fly Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs)Subsequently, the underwater robots AUVs, in full Autonomous Underwater Vehicles are also known as Unmanned Undersea Vehicles (UUVs). AUVs are basically works within the sea without any intervention of human. Whereas the non-autonomous called Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) are controlled by the operator from the surface through umbilical. In military field, AUVs are used to detect if there are any mines and to monitor the protected area for new unidentified objects. For the purpose of warfare, AUVs are employed to detect and resist the invasion of manned submarines [15]. From the research, AUVs are not so popular to be employed into the military fields as wars under the water are so seldom to be seen. 2.4.3 Industrial Field Robots employed in industrial field are static robots which are majorly automated and allowed to make decision via pre-programmed inputs. These robots are more common to be seen in form of arm-shaped. They will not have the components of head, body and legs, but just arm. In earlier decades, mans responsibilities in manufacturing process like welding, painting, assembly,  pick  and place,  packaging  and  palletizing, product inspection, and testing have been displaced by robots today. The introduction of robots into industrial field is a great contribution as they can accomplish their tasks in a faster way, more efficient and highly better than a man can do in term of precision and endurance. The different between each arms and the functioning role of the arms are depending on the tools that are fixed at the end of the arm, or they call them the end-effectors. Industrial robots can also being classified into [16]: Vertically Articulated The multi-jointed arm of a vertically articulated robot is connected to the base with a twisting joint. The links in the arm are connected by rotary joints. This type is  often called jointed-arm. [16] Cartesian Coordinate This robot is limited to x, y, and z movement. It is  also called a rectilinear robot. All of the robot arm links are connected with linear joints. The physical appearance is square [16]. SCARA The Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm  is ideal for precision work within one plane. Its work envelope is cylindrical. It has two horizontal joints [16]. Cylindrical The robot has one rotary joint at the base and two linear joints to connect the links. Their work envelope is also cylindrical [16]. Polar The arm is connected to the base with a twisting joint and a combination of rotary and linear joints. They have a spherical-shaped from outside look [16]. Delta This robot configuration combines a rotational joint and parallelograms. Delta robots work within a dome-shaped work envelope [16]. Welding arm Welding devices such as MIG-welding gun are one of the popular robot guns that are widely used in the industry to assembly their products. Welding arms are programmed to carry out specific task welding process repeatedly, fusing of adjacent parts together with uniform quality at a rapid speed. Robot Spray ArmThe next tool will be the Spray Gun. As we know, Spraying evenly on the surface is never an easy job for human. Hence, it is also popular to apply the spray gun into robot arms to do spraying for human. Besides to achieve nearly perfect quality or spraying, they also help to relieve the human from this hazardous and skilful job. Liquid used in the spray contained various unknown chemicals that might cause harm to human. At the same time, spray gun will not waste paints hence reducing the cost. Robot arm that can lift up heavy objects. Picture showing a man carried by robot arm.Picking, lifting and placing applications can be done through installing grippers. Materials used in industries are normally big and heavy. Besides of using electro-mechanical technologies, hydraulic and pneumatic technologies that produce multiply forces can be applied to the arm. Picking up of some objects haven been done by vacuum. To make sure the positioning of these devices are constant and accurate, location sensors have been installed as well [17]. 2.4.5 Space Exploration Field When it comes to space exploration, by automatically we know that robots have been contributing a lot, or accomplishing most of the space exploration tasks. The only planet that human has set foot on, besides Earth is the Moon. However, our tremendous robots have set their feet in planets like Mars, Venus, Jupiter and including few comets and asteroids [18]. Without them, human will not be able to know how the other planets look like and of course, without them human will never know that aliens do not appear in the planets within Solar System. We would not conclude that aliens do not appear in our real life because there are no researches stating that robots have been successfully sent out and explored the whole Universe and so, we never know what is going on outside our Universe. Robots have been used widely in this field because of the not-habitable environment for human beings. Eliminate the matter of oxygen; human are not able to cope with the different pressure and gravitational force on the other planets. Therefore costly astronaut suits have been created and in fact they are already being created, and this will never be an intelligence act. There are also risks involved when sending human to the planets and back to the Earth. Several cases happened in the past where explosions of space shuttle caused death to human. Logo of NASAIt is common when people talk about space exploring, they will think of NASA [19], in full National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA is an agency that has been established on July 29, 1958. Before the establishment of NASA, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics  (NACA) is also an agency which is responsible for every space programs in United States. NASA has led the human nation towards the knowledge of space, after launching Apollo to the Moon, and then invented and released the space station, Skylab and later the Space Shuttle. The historical moment when Neil Armstrong represented his nation to be the first man to step on the Moon.Apollo program is one of the worlds most amazing events in the history that it was the first program that brought human to the Moon and back to the land safely. Apollo 1 caused a tragedy that kills all the astronauts who were inside due to a fire during experimental simulation. Thus, several experiments and observations had carried out before they boarded the human and sent them to the Moon. At last Apollo 11 had successfully landed the first men on the moon, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin [20]. Skylab was the first space station that had been launched to the orbit by United States in 1973. In the space station there are laboratories prepared for the researchers to carry out scientific experiments and studies such as the Sun, space flight, metallic-crystal growth, microgravity, and solar observatory. But in few years time, Skylab fell from the orbit on 11 July 1979. Currently Skylab have been replaced and named as International Space Station (ISS) [21]. The famous robots in space with no doubt have to be the series of Orbiters, Rovers and Landers that have been sent to Mars in the previous years. The first orbiter which was sent to Mars on July 14, 1965 is Mariner 4. Launching of Mariner 4 has been a great achievement as it enables the human to have a closer relation on the other planets after Great amount of water required to cause the erosion shown. Picture taken by Viking 1 on Mars.it sent back the photos of Mars. In the series of Landers, 2 Viking Landers, Viking 1 and Viking 2 had been released to Mars in the year 1976 with the accompaniment of orbiters that send back photos and scientific data. Life detection application was installed to the landers to detect life on Mars but however, the result sent back an unclear data. From the newest research by NASA, they found that the Mars is covered with large amount of gas called Methane, which is also one of the main components found in the Earth. Methane gas in the Earth is largely produced by organism when digesting of nutrients. However, it can also being released to the air through geological processes. Thus, it is still unclear whether if there are organisms survive under the permafrost layer of Mars [22]. There are other more advance robots that have been sent for planetary exploration. These include Sojourner and Mar s Exploration Rovers (MERs). The 2 robots mentioned are tele-operated which they required humans control. However, MERs have been a better robot due to larger mechanical size and also equipped with better communication and instrumentation than Sojourner. Sojourner was sent to Mars in 1997 and MERs is in 2004 [24]. However, in such numbers of space robots, Sputnik 1 has been the very first robot that was sent to the space. Mariner 2 by U.S. was the first robot that flown to Venus on 12 December 1962. In the same year, a Russian space robot, Venera 7 was the first human-made vehicle to successfully land on another planet and transmits data back to Earth. Voyager 1There was a mission, the Voyager mission, sent robot and explore the world outside of our Solar System. Voyager 1 and 2 were launched in 1977. Voyager 1 as in June 19, 2009, was at a distance about 16.49 billion kilometres away from the Sun, currently the furthest man-made object in the space [24]. In these decades, there are numerous missions that have been set and hopefully soon or later, robots can help to accomplish these missions. 2.5 Side Effects of Robots The side effect of robots is mean that the negative issues or disadvantages which robots will bring to our world if there are over used or over populated. Although robots is create to assist us human to improve our life, but they may bring harm to us as well if we do not use them wisely. From the research we made, there are some disadvantages of robotic system and robots, when normal people to operate the robots, the functions are limited and only the creator or programmers what those functions are. Although robots is been programmed, but they may not function properly in case of an emergency or unexpected occasion. The cost for built the robots and robotic systems are very high, this make it needs to have full consideration before built it. Besides, it may need to have more extra funds and spaces to provide the facilities to build the robots. There are some moral issues occur if the robotic systems and robots have over used. The too much using of robots and robotic systems in our society making us human beings become more dependent upon robot. Because of this, many people will always depend on robots to done their works (this could be possibly happen like in the movie Surrogates, where the human just stay in their home and control their look alike robot to works). The advance use of robots and robotic systems may replace the human labour and causing people to lose their jobs and facing economic matter. In medical field, if the robotic systems and robots have taking over majority of the doctors job for example, certain surgeries, this may cause certain people may not be able to access the services due to lack of funds. This may also happen in some other fields, this can be describe in military field, because robots are more advance therefore, which country that are rich and own many military robotics system and robots will be the most powerful country. These mean that, if we do not want this negative effect to be happening in the future, we should wisely use the robots and balance the functi