Stability and Control of Nonlinear Systems

Solidness and Control of Nonlinear Systems The accompanying framework was given to learn about lack of involvement, asymptotic strength, and contribution to state security properties at conditions. The given arrangement of differential condition for examination is given underneath Too, The state space portrayal of the framework is as per the following. Let, So also Consequently In light of the framework condition is given by So also, in light of the state space portrayal The condition of framework , where n=4, where m=2 and where p=2. Consequently p=m.â A dissipative framework concerning flexibly rate is supposed to be detached, if The Lyapunov work for the framework is given as Thus as for meaning of state factors, it tends to be reworked as Thus, Likewise, in view of the meaning of S, For the given framework , thus the lossless framework, is latent from u to y. The PD criticism controller of the framework with and is spoken to as Thus the state space portrayal of the framework, is given by The changed Lyapunov work with potential vitality is given by It very well may be seen that V(x) is differentiable (V: R4 â†' R and a C1 work). In view of the condition of V(x) it very well may be seen that, The term and every single other term are quadratic in nature.â Hence where Subsequently V(x) is certain clear. Let V(x) is limited by V(x)≠¤M, where M à Ã¢ µ R, at that point it infers that â‡' â‡' and â‡' â‡' and â‡' â‡' and â‡' â‡' and â‡' â‡' Consequently V(x) is radially unbounded. The subordinate of V(x) can be gotten as follows Upon replacement and comprehending the conditions, At It can be seen that In light of the above condition, it tends to be seen that It very well may be seen that , has just quadratic terms with a negative sign prefixed consequently where Consequently is negative unequivocal. The balance purpose of the framework at is given by Consequently starting point is the main balance purpose of the framework. In light of the above perceptions, it tends to be reasoned that the framework is all inclusive asymptotically stable at the inception. The given frameworks were reproduced for various qualities ofâ and , altered each in turn with other unsettling influence set to zero and the underlying condition set at root. The accompanying perceptions can be found from subplots of and Consequently the unsettling influence in both the directions of the framework are added substance in nature. It tends to be seen that, at whatever point starting condition of the framework set to source and unsettling influence is initiated in one of the organize ( or ), the other arrange of the framework isn't upset. Figure 1 State of System with unsettling influence at root with rd=0 Figure 2 State of System with unsettling influence at root with thd=0 The Figure 3 shows the condition of the framework, when is altered from - 5 to 5 with , with the underlying condition as x = {7,3,5,1}.â The settling time of the framework shifts with the size of unsettling influence and the underlying condition.â Also, it very well may be seen from the plot of that the framework settles to a point which is counterbalanced from the cause (harmony) by the estimation of disturbance.â Also, the settling time of the framework is more for d=-c, when contrasted with d=c. Additionally, unsettling influence in one of the facilitate (), has its impact in another organize. Figure 3 State of System with rd=0 at x = [7,3,5,1] The perceptions of unsettling influence actuated in when , is appropriate for the aggravation instigated in with  Also, it very well may be seen from Figure 4 that the settling time of the framework is higher when an aggravation is prompted in r-facilitate, when contrasted with - arrange. Figure 4 State of System with thd = 0 at x = [7,3,5,1] The impact of having both and was seen by reproducing the framework reaction for and . Likewise, it tends to be seen that settling time of the framework is like unsettling influence incited distinctly in the r-arrange. Figure 5 State of System with thd = - 5, rd=5 at x = [7,3,5,1] In all the above plots, it tends to be seen from the subplot of that the settling purpose of state as tâ†', and , showing that the condition of the framework tracks the contribution to the separate arrange. It can likewise be seen from the past plots for d=0, framework displays the property of worldwide asymptotic solidness to the root (balance point).â Also, , the state infers the Bounded Input Bounded State property of the framework. The contribution to state solidness of the shut circle framework concerning and for the framework was approved by including a destabilizing input with also, . The capacity k(x) of the aggravation is chosen, with the end goal that the force moved to the framework is boosted, which can be performed whenâ . From the above condition, it tends to be seen that the force moved to the framework can be boosted by picking same indication of with c≠¥0.â The idea of framework reaction for various scope of c is recorded in the Table 1 underneath. Table 1 System Response for Variation in c at beginning state of [7,3,5,1]] Estimation of c Perception c ≠¤ 1.99 The vitality of the framework diminishes at first, demonstrated by the plot of Lyapunov work appeared in Figure 6 and a similar outcome can be seen on the plot of r and ÃŽ ¸, where the size reductions at first and sways with the limited extent, for the limited info showed in plot of theta-d. c>1.99 For c=5, the vitality of the framework increments, demonstrated by the plot of Lyapunov work appeared in Figure 7 and the plot of r and ÃŽ ¸ shows that the greatness keeps on expanding bringing about unbounded state for the limited info showed in plot of theta-d.â Also, it very well may be seen that the pace of increment in vitality of the framework, diminishes with time. Figure 6 State of System at c=1.75 The framework isn't Input to state stable (ISS) for c>1.99 and Figure 7 demonstrates a framework which isn't ISS for c=5.â The estimation of change from limited state to unbounded state was seen at c=1.93 for an underlying purpose of [1,2,1,2].â Based on the above perception, the progress estimation of c is needy of starting condition (vitality) of the framework. Figure 7 State of System at c=5 The PD control utilized in the r-organize is adjusted as The recreations were done, to recognize the properties of ISS fulfilled by the framework, as for and as inputs.â All the reenactments were completed concerning the underlying condition x0 = (7,3,5,1) Condition 1: The framework is assessed with zero aggravation and , the outcome is shown in Figure 8. Figure 8 System with Zero Disturbance For the no unsettling influence conditions, it very well may be seen that the framework is asymptotically steady about the birthplace (harmony), demonstrating the Global asymptotic dependability of the framework about the origin.â Also from the plot of Lyapunov work, it tends to be seen that the vitality of the framework settles down to zero. Condition 2: The destabilizing criticism input utilized being referred to 5 for the framework was taken care of to the framework and it its reaction is shown in figure Figure 9 State of System at c=5 with adjusted PD Control The accompanying perceptions can be made as for figure For an information , the state , showing limited info limited state property of the framework. It tends to be seen that, however the vitality of the framework increments at first, yet upper limited over a period.â The vitality and the condition of the framework gets limited over time of simulation.â Hence for the limited information, condition of the framework is limited. Likewise, the framework shows property of asymptotic addition, since the condition of the framework is upper limited by unsettling influence with increase of the framework. Additionally, it was seen that however the framework is ISS for the c=5, as the estimation of c expands vitality of the framework builds (model for c=10, v(x) is upper limited to 10,000).â Hence altering the PD control, makes the framework ISS for a bigger scope of unsettling influences, when contrasted with prior control. Condition 3: The framework was taken care of with the information Figure 10 State of framework rd=0 and theta d=5*exp(t) It tends to be seen from the plot that d(t)â†' 0 as , additionally aysmptotically.â Hence the framework demonstrates the property of meeting input, combining state. The reaction of the framework was assessed with various potential contributions for ,, for example, , the condition of the framework x1, x3 was picked dependent on perceptions made in before reenactments (q5) where overwhelmingly these states became out of bound Additionally, the above information conditions were reproduced with =0 and characterized as one of the information, not many blends of the above info unsettling influences and scarcely any conceivable framework interconnections, for example, positive input interconnection, negative criticism interconnection, arrangement interconnection. Framework reaction for different kinds of aggravation Steady Disturbance The unsettling influence of the framework is set to consistent qualities, as showed in Figure 5 Figure 11 State of framework at theta d=-5 rd=5 It tends to be seen from the plot of Figure 11 and Figure 5 that the settling time of framework in r-organize has decreased nearly significantly, when contrasted with past control. Positive Feedback Interconnection The aggravation input condition is referenced underneath and the framework reaction is appeared in Figure 12 Figure 12 System Response for Positive Feedback Interconnection The condition of the framework demonstrates the combining nature, additionally it very well may be seen that after the transient time frame framework follows the information. Arrangement Interconnection The framework is associated in arrangement, with the accompanying aggravation input setup for every one of the subsystem and the plot for the equivalent is appeared in Figure 13. Figure 13 System Response for Series Interconnection It very well may be seen that the conduct of the framework is comparative regarding condition 2, yet the vitality of the framework settles down at a more significant level when contrasted with the comparable condition with Framework with various d

The Battle of Khe Sanh in the Vietnam War

The Battle of Khe Sanh in the Vietnam War The Siege of Khe Sanh happened during the Vietnam War. The battling around Khe Sanh started January 21,â 1968,â and concluded around April 8, 1968. Armed forces and Commanders Partners: General William WestmorelandColonel David LowndsApprox. 6,000 men North Vietnamese: Vo Nguyen GiapTran Quy HaiApprox. 20,000-30,000 men Clash of Khe Sanh Overview In the mid year of 1967, American authorities educated of a development of Peoples Army of North Vietnam (PAVN) powers in the zone around Khe Sanh in northwest South Vietnam. Reacting to this, the Khe Sanh Combat Base (KSCB), situated on a level in a valley of a similar name, was fortified by components of the 26th Marine Regiment under Colonel David E. Lownds. Likewise, stations on the encompassing slopes were involved by American powers. While KSCB had an airstrip, its overland gracefully course was over the bedraggled Route 9, which drove back to the coast. That fall, a flexibly guard was trapped by PAVN powers on Route 9. This was the last overland endeavor to resupply Khe Sanh until the next April. Through December, PAVN troops were seen in the zone, yet there was small battling. With the expansion in adversary movement, a choice was required in regards to whether to additionally strengthen Khe Sanh or desert the position. Surveying the circumstance, General William Westmoreland chose for increment the troop levels at KSCB. In spite of the fact that he was upheld by the officer of the III Marine Amphibious Force, Lieutenant General Robert E. Cushman, numerous Marine officials couldn't help contradicting Westmorelands choice. Many accepted that Khe Sanh was not important to the progressing tasks. In late December/early January, knowledge detailed the appearance of the 325th, 324th, and 320th PAVN divisions inside striking separation of KSCB. Accordingly, extra Marines were moved to the base. On January 20, the PAVN turncoat cautioned Lownds that an assault was inescapable. At 12:30 a.m. on the 21st, Hill 861 was assaulted by around 300 PAVN troops and KSCB was intensely shelled. While the assault was spurned, the PAVN warriors managed to break the Marine guards. The assault likewise uncovered the appearance of the 304th PAVN division in the territory. To clear their flank, PAVN powers assaulted and overran Laotian soldiers at Ban Houei Sane on January 23, driving the survivors to escape to the U.S. Uncommon Forces camp at Lang Vei. During this time, KSCB got its last fortifications: extra Marines and the 37th Army of the Republic of Vietnam Ranger Battalion. Bearing a few overwhelming bombardments, the safeguards at Khe Sanh learned on January 29 that there would be no détente for the forthcoming Tet occasion. To help the guard of the base, which had been named Operation Scotland, Westmoreland started Operation Niagara. This activity required the monstrous utilization of flying capability. Using an assortment of cutting edge sensors and forward air controllers, American airplane started beating PAVN positions around Khe Sanh. At the point when the Tet Offensive initiated on January 30, the battling around KSCB calmed. Battling in the territory continued on February 7, when the camp at Lang Vei was invaded. Escaping from the scene, Special Forces units advanced toward Khe Sanh. Unfit to resupply KSCB via land, American powers conveyed required materials via air, evading an exceptional gauntlet of PAVN hostile to airplane fire. At last, strategies, for example, the Super Gaggle (which included the utilization of A-4 Skyhawk contenders to stifle ground fire) permitted helicopters to resupply the ridge stations while drops from C-130s conveyed products to the principle base. On that night that Lang Vei was assaulted, PAVN troops ambushed a perception post at KSCB. In the most recent seven day stretch of February, battling increased when a Marine watch was trapped and a few assaults were propelled against the 37th ARVNs lines. In March, insight started seeing a mass migration of PAVN units from the region of Khe Sanh. Regardless of this, shelling proceeded and the bases ammo dump exploded for the second time during the battle. Squeezing out from KSCB, Marine watches drew in the adversary on March 30. The following day, Operation Scotland was finished. Operational control of the zone went over to the first Air Cavalry Division for the execution of Operation Pegasus. Intended to break the attack of Keh Sanh, Operation Pegasus called for components of the first and third Marine Regiments to assault up Route 9 towards Khe Sanh. In the interim, the first Air Cavalry moved by helicopter to hold onto key landscape includes along the line of advance. As the Marines propelled, engineers attempted to fix the street. This arrangement maddened the Marines at KSCB, as they didn't accept they should have been protected. Bouncing off on April 1, Pegasus met little obstruction as American powers moved west. The primary significant commitment happened on April 6, when daily long fight was pursued against a PAVN blocking power. Battling generally closed with a three-day battle close Khe Sanh town. Troops connected up with the Marines at KSCB on April 8. After three days, Route 9 was announced open. Fallout Enduring 77 days, the attack of Khe Sanh saw American and South Vietnamese powers endure. At long last, there were 703 murdered, 2,642 injured, and 7 missing. PAVN misfortunes are not known with precision yet are assessed at between 10,000 to 15,000 dead and injured. Following the fight, Lownds men were calmed and Westmoreland requested the base involved until he left Vietnam in June. His replacement, General Creighton Abrams, didn't accept that holding Khe Sanh was vital. He requested the base demolished and relinquished soon thereafter. This choice earned the rage of the American press, who addressed why Khe Sanh must be shielded in January however was not, at this point required in July. Abrams reaction was that the then-current military circumstance not, at this point directed that it be held. Right up 'til the present time, it is muddled whether PAVN initiative in Hanoi expected to take on an unequivocal conflict at Khe Sanh, or if tasks in the territory were intended to divert Westmoreland in the weeks prior to the Tet Offensive. Sources: Brush, Peter. Skirmish of Khe Sanh: Recounting the Battles Casualties. HistoryNet, June 26, 2007. Obscure. The Siege at Khe Sanh. PBS.

2016 Final Freshman Decisions are Available - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

2016 Final Freshman Decisions are Available - UGA Undergraduate Admissions 2016 Final Freshman Decisions are Available Final freshman decisions are now available online. We had a very strong applicant pool this year! We had 23,000 applications, which was our largest applicant pool ever. Here are a few notes about decisions: Please do not have multiple family members try to log onto the myStatus. This will slow down our serves. We suggest that only the student log in as multiple people logging in could lock down your myStatus. You can always share this information with family members after you see it. Remember, the myStatus page might be a little slow when it first opens due to high traffic volume-Just be patient. No matter what your decision is, remember that there are a number of college options and UGA is just one of them. An admissions decision is not a judgement about your worth. A majority of our applicants are strong, qualified applicants, but our freshman class is not big enough to accommodate everyone. When trying to comprehend your decision, please understand that our office is looking at your file individually, then in comparison with the rest of the 23,000 applicants. That is a very large, very strong applicant pool, and we are limited in how many students we can admit and enroll. We posted three blog posts this morning, one for each of the three decision possibilities, with details about each decision and links to FAQs. Please review everything about a decision before commenting. Please remember that other students and the admissions representatives in our office are people too and treat everyone with respect. Before hitting submit on a comment, make sure you actually want to post it. As in past years, we have admitted a small group of freshman to start in the Spring 2017 term. Please make sure to look at the term of acceptance if you are admitted. An offer of Spring will not be shifted to Fall or Summer, as we made a decision to admit this small group for Spring 2017. We will delete any comments that are offensive, ask for personal information/stats from others, or that fall into the unacceptable comment category (Comments that bully, intimidate, or harass any user; Content that is hateful or threatening. Please see the New Visitors information posted on the right side of the blog). After decisions are out, the next steps are up to you. Whether you are depositing at UGA or another school, signing up for Housing, or registering for Orientation. Make sure you take care of everything you need to post-decision. Go Dawgs!

Corporate Social Responsibility Of A Business - 1550 Words

The responsibility of a business goes beyond just turning a profit, they also have an obligation to society. The stakeholders; consumers, employees, the community and the environment, all have a variety of needs that should be met by the company. These needs can include things such as safer more affordable products for the consumer, fair wages and good working conditions for the employee, or environmentally safe production practices that cut down on pollution for the community. Meeting these needs is known as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and can have a profound impact on the company. Businesses, big and small, have an obligation to society to provide quality services while protecting the integrity of the environment and community surrounding them. This social responsibility can be broken down into at least five different areas that contribute to the success of a business. These are economic, legal, ethical, philanthropic and environmental. In order for these principles to w ork towards the success of a business fulfilling its social responsibility the company must first be profitable. This is one aspect that economists and businessmen can agree on regardless of which model of business they follow. Without enough of a profit margin none of the other social responsibilities can be met. Therefore, the first aspect of the Corporate Social Responsibilities is being profitable. It has already been determined that this is necessary for a business just to stay afloat,Show MoreRelatedCorporate Social Responsibility And Business2249 Words   |  9 Pages As we all know, corporate social responsibility is a discipline in business practices. This is one of the business practice sector that is most demanding and constantly changing sector in business enterprise. 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Essay on Civilized Man Vs Early Man - 2294 Words

works cited: Bibliography Benton, Jenetta Rebold and Robert DiYammi. 1998 Arts and Culture, An Introduction To nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Humanitites. New Jersey. Pretence Hall Best, Nicholas. 1984 Quest For The Past. USA: Readers Digest Association Boardman, John. The Cambridge Ancient History. 1982. New York. Cambridge nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;University Press Briggs, Asa. 1992 Everyday Life Through The Ages. Berkely Square, London Readers nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Digest Diamond, Jared. 1992 The Third Chimpanzee. New York. Harper nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;†¦show more content†¦( The Third Chimpanzee, p 223 ) We can relate the life styles of these remote people, who have lived many thousands of years cut off from the rest of civilization, to our ancestors who lived in prehistoric times. 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The Mega Manufacturing Free Essays

Mega Manufacturing is a manufacturer of sports shoes for men and women. They are investigating each department in order to cut back on spending in order to eliminate wastes of resources. One potential waste is coming from the cutting department. We will write a custom essay sample on The Mega Manufacturing or any similar topic only for you Order Now The waste of material is costing the company monitory resources that could further benefit the company if allocated elsewhere. Several solutions have been discovered with the cutting process but if the problem were to be solve d there is both a salary saving and the elimination of waste, in this particular department. However the solution lies with the employees of this department and the solution will cost some of them their jobs. The variables effecting the disclosure of this information vary from one’s need for monitory income, to the esteem of the position. Management is facing several possible decisions that include employee employment assurance to cost savings and company bottom line figures. Their decisions are founded on management decisions, employee motivations and resistance to innovations and the notion of getting these resistant employees to adopt the innovations. First, the management decisions regarding the cutting process and the problems that are associated with them. The notion that the skilled workers of the cutting department are aware of a solution to the problem with the breaking dies indicates that there is a solution to the problem. On the standpoint of the company, investigation into the proper use and successful completion of the cut using the die needs to be resolved. The die eliminates wastage and will speed up productivity of the cutting process. It will also make the individual machine operator more efficient which will conclude with the elimination of several positions may allocated more resources previously spent on employee salaries. This cost savings will free up allocations previously spent on overhead and allocated to other departments that may increase spending in order to increase sales, or add more to the stockholders bottom line. As a machine operator aware of this notion that relinquishing this information could cost him/her their job, there needs to be some cause for hesitation. The workers are paid on an hourly base so the increase of efficiency will also allow management the ability to cut hours, which will also hurt the workers. If faced with this dilemma I would have to first find out if the solution the breaking dies were legit. Because of the two-month time delay in the manufacturing of the dies I also have to worry about the productivity of the department on the half of the workers if future layoffs were in sight. I would also have to know if the cost savings would be passed on the consumer and how these variables will effect sales. If demand for the product were to increase there may be no need for lay offs. However if there was a need to make cuts in the workforce there would be need to evaluate each individual on the grounds of seniority and skill level to insure proper staffing of the department and explore options of moving personal to other departments. So my conclusion to the dilemma facing this question has to many variables but I have explored decisions with regards to time and company proposals of use of the freed resources. There are two motivating factors that our cutters face in the dilemma with regards to the die cutting information they include the following: Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, and Herzberg’s Two- factor Theory. First, Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs. The worker is at a job that provides substance for himself and possibly a family. The information and innovation that the die implantation brings may disrupt his/her ability to provide so without so assurance of the continued employment and income potential; the worker will not relinquish the information needed for successful inauguration of the die cutting process. However, if that assurance were provide their would be increased productivity in the department and successful integration of the project will fill Maslows notion that people thrive for accomplishment, and the efficiency of the department will bring this idea to reality. There may also be negative connotations that may be brought about As well. If there were that worker who was fearful for their job might relinquish this vital information to management for assured employment, this also demonstrates Maslows basic survival needs theory. Second is Herzbergs two-factor theory, called dissatisfies or hygiene factors. They include such notions of working condition, benefits recognition and possible promotional opportunities. The employee is unwilling to do anything that may jeopardize their livelihood. Implication of this process will result in lay offs that may damage this security. This will also pose a threat to the workers acceptance among peers. If layoffs are inevitable there may develop groups within the department of loyal skilled labors who pose a greater chance of employment after the downsizing. This is a possible threat even if the project is just in consideration, which may impose productivity problems while implication is in the process, and future problems if the project is discarded due to the already imposed loyalty among the divided department. There is also the factor if employees resistance to change with the implication of the new cutting process. There are several factors of habit, security, economic factors, fear of the unknown and lastly selective information processing that influence these factors of resistance. Employees develop habits in the work place that become routine and habitual and allow the worker to become part of the department and allow the worker develop routines that increase productivity. Security issues factor in the employee’s unwillingness to change, in fear of loosing their jobs. Economic factors develop when the worker fears that change will lower their income, tying into the security concerns. Fear of the unknown indicates that humans are unwilling to change when the ends of the means is unknown. Selective information processing is the individual perception of the relevance of the change. If the individual feels that the change is unnecessary they are reluctant to change. How to cite The Mega Manufacturing, Essay examples

Leadership in the 21st Century

Question: Using relevant theories and models critically evaluate and analyse the leadership of a 21st century business leader. If you were in the position of the leader, what could you do to be a better leader and make a stronger impact on the followers and on situation/s? Answer: Introduction Efficient leadership is essential for businesses in the 21st century in achieving higher level of success in their operations. This requires a highly qualified and talented business leader that could contribute his/her knowledge and abilities in leading the entire organisation to higher level of success. The role of business leaders is to strategically define the vision and goals of the organisation, and they should thereafter make efforts in guiding their followers in a manner that ensures their successful attainment. Leadership is highly essential from the point of view of leading the organisation to higher level of success and also in sustaining such growth over the longer period of time. The efficient leaders have the ability of leading the organisation to higher level of success on their own efforts and contribution. This indicates that there has been the pivotal role being played by leaders in leading the organisation to higher level of success (Boal and Hooijberg, 2001). This report is aimed at analysing the leadership of a 21st century business leader through the application of relevant leadership theories and models. The business leader as selected for the purpose of analysis is Steve Jobs of Apple Corporation. The analysis is therefore focused towards assessing the leadership style of Steve Jobs initially and this is followed by a comparison of his leadership style with the applicable leadership theory. Based on this discussion, there would be the analysis of the leadership style and approach that I would have followed if I were put under the same situation. The entire findings will then be summarised in the conclusion section. Description of the Leader, Organisation/Industry and Situation/Context The leader as selected for the purpose of analysis is Steve Jobs of Apple Inc. An analysis of Steve Jobs indicates that he was an American entrepreneur and become responsible in the foundation of Apple Corporation. He has been known as the pioneer in bringing revolution in the personal computing through his innovative skills and abilities. Steve Jobs was known as highly influential personnel throughout his career in the Apple Corporation, as he has successfully taken the organisation to higher level of growth and development. It is his influential ability that has resulted into Apple being identified as the most innovative company. He has been a successful business leader in driving desired level of efforts and actions on the part of his followers. His focus towards innovation has been the key mantra that made him successful and highly recognised leader in the industry (Griffin, 2008). The organisation/industry that has been served by Steve Jobs is Apple Corporation which is mainly i n the electronic industry. Apple has occupied the leadership position in the industry as being the most innovative organisation, and this is all because of the influential abilities of the business leader of the company i.e. Steve Jobs. However, currently the leadership position is being served by the new leader Tim Cook. But the core basis of the organisation has been implanted by Steve Jobs and it is because of his highly innovative approach in undertaking organisational responsibilities, the organisation is still following the same approach to performing its management. This signifies that the policies and practices of being highly innovative is still followed at Apple and this is an important indication of the influential capability of Steve Jobs. He has guided the path to follow for the entire organisation, and this has been currently being emphasised across the organisation (Eleftheriou-Smith, 2014). The situation/context that has been selected for analysing the leadership of Steve Jobs is the performance of business organisation. An analysis of the leadership approach and ability of Steve Jobs in detail indicates that Steve Jobs highly emphasised on the innovative factor whereby he expects each and every employee within organisation to remain highly innovative with respect to the tasks and responsibilities as undertaken. Steve Jobs has been responsible for the introduction of large number of innovative products and services under his leadership tenure whereby he has brought revolution in the entire electronics items. The major innovation by Steve Jobs is identified as iPhones, iPad, iPod, iMac, and the latest operating system iOS. These are the major innovations that have been noted under the leadership of Steve Jobs (Ireland and Hitt, 2005). Overall, the leadership practice and approach of Steve Jobs seems to be highly influential and it is mostly focused towards innovative factor in particular. This is mainly because Steve Jobs has always emphasised on brining innovation which could be easily reflected on the newer products and services that are introduced across the company. Evaluation of Steve Jobs through Leadership Theories and Models An analysis of Steve Jobs in brief has indicated that he has been a revolutionary leader that has been successful in bringing innovation in the entire electronic industry through introducing large number of innovative products and services. However, an assessment of few such important criteria in respect to Steve Jobs indicates about his leadership style, trait and power in particular. As for instance, the leadership style that has been identified in respect to Steve Jobs is mainly the transformational leadership style whereby the leader seeks to transform the entire organisation into higher level of success and growth. Steve Jobs has been able to revolutionise the performance of Apple and he has also been successful in leading the entire organisation to higher level of success. All these have been possible because of his ability to direct the workers and positively encourage them to follow the desired path of innovation as showed by him. This suggests that the leadership style can b e best correlated to the transformational leadership theory which suggests radical or massive changes aimed at leading the organisation to higher level of success. As per the transformational leadership theory, the leaders have the ability to lead the organisation on their own and they decide the shape and direction in which the entire organisation has to lead upon (Mclnerney, 2011). The directional path as chosen by Steve Jobs in respect to Apple is to lead the organisation in becoming the leader in the entire industry, and as such, the individual efforts are driven mostly towards the required direction. However, there have been strict policies and procedures that are being followed by Steve Jobs, and there has been higher level of expectations from employees as well. The decisions are mostly undertaken by Steve Jobs, and this reflects the leadership style to be highly autocratic leadership style. The strategic decisions are mostly undertaken by the senior management without involv ing the employees. The employees are only required to follow up the policies and procedures that have been set up for them. They need to contribute their efforts with a view to achieve the set organisational goals by way of integrating innovation in their policies and actions. Steve Jobs accounted for adapting behaviour of high maintenance co-worker which demanded excellence from his co-workers. Employees are therefore treated as a way of getting the tasks done, and this particular approach has allowed Apple in achieving the successful position in the industry (Issacson, 2012). The stronger leadership ability of Steve Jobs can be evident from the growth position at which he has taken to Apple Inc. As for example the market value of the shares of Apple was $US 5 billion in 2000, but it has increased to $US 351 billion as of today. Such a massive growth in the market performance is all because of the leadership effectiveness of Steve Jobs. He has been a successful visionary leader who not only designed the vision for the company, but also articulated the organisational goals by way of which they could be accomplished through the active contribution by its employees. The autocratic leadership style of Steve Jobs proved highly successful in generating positive level of efforts in bringing innovation within organisation, and thereby in achieving excellence in terms of generation of innovative products and services for its customers (Mclnerney, 2011). An assessment of the traits of Steve Jobs with regard to his innovative abilities and thoughts implies that Steve Jobs was highly visionary in nature. As for example, his vision in respect to Apple was mainly to perform the development of products and services with simple user interface and elegant design that would please greatly to customers of all age groups. This has been positively attained through his attitude of being highly innovative in his approach of doing things. He has positively influenced the abilities of his followers in innovating efficiently with respect to their contribution and this leads to the delivery of sound and innovative products to his customers. Apart from this, the leadership trait of Steve Jobs also clarifies that he has been a strong leader as he not only manages his employees, but there has been stronger relationship being managed with the suppliers, partners and competitors (Hom, 2014). Apart from this, the other major leadership attributes that have been evident in respect to Steve Jobs include his wonderful thinking ability, exceptional influence capabilities whereby he can influence his subordinates to act in a particular manner that is in the best interest of the organisation. The exceptional influence capability of Steve Jobs can be identified from the fact that he made all the employees of the organisation to contribute towards the innovative factor by way of designing and developing innovative products and services. In addition to this, the leadership attitude also reflects that Steve Jobs was the survivor of tough times, as he has encountered various such events that have impacted his performance in the industry. This is evident from the example that Steve Jobs has suffered with cancer and still he has made significant contribution in the form of introduction of newer iPhones and also predicted the future generation of products that would be highly suitable to Apple in leading the entire industry (Cunningham and Harney, 2012). Overall, the analysis of the leadership style, ability and attitude of Steve Jobs indicated significant level of findings. It has been evaluated that Steve Jobs was highly transformational leaders who always pursues creativity in his strategy, and encouraged others in following the same path through his highly influential capabilities. Ways in Which I Would have Lead the Similar Situation An analysis of the leadership style and ability of Steve Jobs has indicated about significant level of findings regarding his attitude, belief, behaviour and approach of leading the entire organisation. On the basis of analysis, it has been evaluated that there has been higher level of effectiveness being pursued by Steve Jobs in leading and managing the organisation. However, there are certain major areas whereby Steve Jobs could have done better in performing his role and responsibilities. In these areas, I could have considered for a different approach to performing the management of the entire organisation. As for instance, it has been assessed that Steve Jobs was highly focused towards the autocratic style of leadership whereby the strategic decisions are taken by him. The employees were just treated as a means to achieving the organisational goals (Ciulla, 2008) In this respect, I could have utilised the employees in a different manner in achieving success and higher effectiven ess level. As for instance, I could have considered for adapting a participatory nature of leadership whereby employees would be included in the majority of the decisions as undertaken within the organisation. It is quite clear that employees are responsible in leading an organisation to higher level of success, and since they actually perform the core processes of the organisation in producing products and services, they are better aware of the important decision making areas. As a result, the participatory nature of leadership would be of significant importance in such situation. An analysis of the nature of Apple Corporation indicates that the company pursues higher level of innovation and this requires positive level of contribution from both the management and the employees. The participatory nature of leadership style is therefore highly suited in this context whereby employees are included in the decision making process (Tariq, 2014). It is not only sufficient to include employees in the decision making process of the organisation, rather they should be treated with due respect and honour. Steve Jobs considered employees as the way of getting things done, but I could have dealt with such situation in a different manner. As for instance, I could have considered employees as asset and they would be given due respect and authority in the organisation. This particular leadership style to managing employees could have proved to be highly effective from the point of view of leading the organisation and achieving its strategic goals in a positive manner. Apart from these things, I could have also involved into doing certain things differently as being the leader of such large multinational organisation. As for instance, I could have focused towards empowering the employees of the organisation in order to achieve positive level of outcomes on their part. Empowering employees provides them the feeling that they are highly valued by their management, and this in turn is positively reflected in their performance level. As a result, I could have also considered for applying this strategy in performing the management of employees within organisation (Goethals and Sorenson, 2007). The above leadership style and strategy could have been considered by me in a different manner for the purpose of ensuring higher level of success of the organisation. Apart from these major factors, the rest of the aspects in relation to the leadership style of Steve Jobs have been highly excellent from the point of view of meeting out the organisational goals in a positive way. The additional important areas that are identified could contribute in a highly efficient manner towards the efficient attainment of organisational goals. Conclusion In this report, a critical evaluation has been carried out in respect to the leadership style, attitude, behaviour and trait in relation to Steve Jobs, the previous CEO of Apple Corporation. The analysis as carried out has been highly effective from the point of view of meeting out the strategic goals of the organisation. An analysis as carried out in respect to the leadership style of Steve Jobs has indicated that the leader has been highly enthusiastic in terms of his contribution towards leading the entire organisation to higher success level. It has been assessed that the leadership style of Steve Jobs is highly correlated to that of the transformational and autocratic leadership style. This is mainly because Steve Jobs has attempted to achieve revolutionary development in respect to the entire organisational performance and he has been successful in achieving higher level of effectiveness in its overall performance. Apart from this, the decisions of Steve Jobs are highly autocra tic which does not involve the involvement of any other employees within organisation. The analysis also indicated that Steve Jobs was highly visionary in nature and he has great influential capabilities which allowed him in transforming the entire organisation to higher level of success. The analysis also indicated about what could have been done by me differentially and it is assessed that I could have adapted a participatory style of leadership in order to achieve highly efficient performance conditions. References Boal, K.B. and Hooijberg, R. (2001), Strategic Leadership Research: Moving On, Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 11 (4), pp.515-549. Cunningham, J. and Harney, B. (2012), Strategy and Strategists, Oxford University Press. Ciulla, J.B. (2008), Leadership at the Crossroads, ABC-CLIO. Eleftheriou-Smith, (2014). Apple's Tim Cook: Business isnt just about making profit Goethals, G.R. and Sorenson, G.J. (2007), The Quest for a General Theory of Leadership, Edward Elgar Publishing. Griffin, R.W. (2008), Management, Cengage Learning. Hom, E.J. (2014). Steve Jobs Biography Ireland, R.D. and Hitt, M.A. (2005), Achieving and maintaining strategic competitiveness in the 21st century: The role of strategic leadership, Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 19 (4), pp. 63-77. Issacson, W. (2012). The Real Leadership Lessons of Steve Jobs Mclnerney, S. (2011). Steve Jobs: an unconventional leader Tariq, A. (2014). 7 Traits That Made Steve Jobs Successful

Is Interracial Adoption Not Always Beneficial Social Work Essay Example

Is Interracial Adoption Not Always Beneficial Social Work Essay With many honeymooners there can frequently be a really similar job that they could meet, non being able to hold kids of their ain. While some twosomes could take to hold a alternate female parent, or other ways many of this shortly to be parents take the pick of acceptance. Adoption in the United States is a societal and legal procedure whereby a parent-child relationship is established between people non related by birth ( Fass ) . Originally acceptance was non recorded and was done spontaneously. While acceptance is a great manner for honeymooners to get down a household, non all types of acceptance are optimal. Interracial acceptance, as Vincent Parrillo provinces in the Encyclopedia of Social Problem that explains transracial acceptance and how it can be considered really controversial, provinces that transracial acceptance is known as acceptance that takes topographic point across the racial boundaries. While acceptance can be and frequently is really good to many kids s live s, interracial acceptances may non ever be the best thought because some kids may non see their cultural backgrounds and need to understand their cultural individuality. Adoptions in America has occurred and changed drastically over the past two centuries. In the beginning acceptance was self-generated and non recorded. In the Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood in History and Society, Paula Fass writes an article about acceptance in the United States, giving history and information about acceptance. Adoption has become a formalistic legal establishment governed by a hodgepodge of legislative acts in 50 separate province legal powers with increasing federal engagement ( Frass ) . With authorities engagement came uniformed criterions to modulate acceptances that take topographic point in the United States. As Frass says in her article Adoption in the United States , that some experts say that the Numberss of acceptance in the United States are every bit high as six out of 10 Americans are adopted. Frass, besides states, while acceptance began in the colonial period and these kids normally ranged in ages from six to sixteen, these kids were norm ally made to work for the household as an excess brace of custodies on the farms. By the mid 19th century, province legislative assemblies began to ordain the first acceptance statues, An Act to Supply for the Adoption of Children that is set into jurisprudence in 1851 in Massachusetts. Some beneficent adult females reformists who were located in New York City founded the first private acceptance bureau in 1911. Adoption is conveying a kid and an grownup together to organize a new lifelong relationship, where they can bond and experience life lessons together, and treats the kid to a life that they should hold. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Interracial Adoption Not Always Beneficial Social Work specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Is Interracial Adoption Not Always Beneficial Social Work specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Is Interracial Adoption Not Always Beneficial Social Work specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer With the addition in acceptance after World War II, there were non adequate Caucasic kids available for acceptance. While most households wanted to follow these kids there was an addition in following the minority as a new thought of acceptance. This new thought of acceptance was referred to as interracial acceptance or transracial acceptance, which became a new stage that was traveling on in the United States. By 1965, transracial acceptance had become known as the little revolution ( Fass ) . This is when acceptance bureaus began puting African American babes with white households more often. In 1971, transracial acceptance reached its extremum, with 468 bureaus describing 2,574 such arrangements ( Fass ) . The most recent estimation of transracial acceptance was performed in 1987 by the National Health Interview Survey ( NHIS ) . The determination reveled that merely eight per centum of all acceptances include parents and kids of different races ( Adoption.com ) At this cli p this was non a great figure of kids but subsequently research shows that the Numberss continue to increase. An scrutiny by the New York Times of the 2000 census-the foremost in which information on acceptance was collected-showed that merely over 16,000 white family included adopted black kids. ( Times ) While this is a big figure, the nose count did non state if these kids are being exposed to their original cultural background or if these kids were merely populating their lives as if they were a white kid with a darker skin color so their parents and siblings. While these figure are great for the sum of kids put into loving places, their exact arrangement is non ever considered in their best involvement. While there is non a set jurisprudence that is consistent between all 52 provinces, many provinces have the same accent on race in acceptances. Congress did ordain one act that effected transracial acceptance. As stated in Andrew Morrison s article Transracial Adoption: the Pros and Cons and the Parents Perspective gives the pro s and con s of transracial acceptance and has a subdivision on Legal Treatment of Race in acceptance, and this where Morrision states: In 1978, Congress enacted the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 ( ICWA ) Prior to 1978, every bit many as 30 five per centum of Native American Children were being taken from their places, about ever to be raised by white households. These kids were sometimes taken under duress and fraud. The ICWA mandated a strong penchant for race matching for Native American acceptances, leting Native American kids to be adopted by non-Native American parent merely as a last resort. These kids were to be considered to be tribal resources that should be raised by the people that know their heritage the best. In most provinces adoption Torahs permit a greater accent on race than would usually be allowable under our fundamental law. Merely three states-Pennsylvania, Texas, and Wisconsin- categorically prohibit consideration of race in acceptance ( Altstein, Melli, and Simon ) . This shows that people are get downing to understand that race is to be considered for the well being of the kid. With this accent, it is besides the societal workers that have really of import function with transracial acceptances. Jo Daughetty Bailey believe that any type of transracial acceptance international or non is non ever good and that the kids have a opportunity of losing their cultural heritage and that there is a manner to extinguish this. aˆÂ ¦ societal workers in the field have a critical function to play in minimising this. By using societal individuality to the insta nce of international adoptees cultural individuality formation, it follows that a positive cultural individuality is best facilitated by exposure to information and experiences that communicate the built-in value of the kid s cultural group ( Bailey ) . With the societal workers using this theory less kids that are adopted would non hold to worry about losing their cultural individuality. While transracial acceptance can work good with some households, this is non ever true for other households. With the kids in transracial acceptances, they do non ever demo psychological jobs or different societal jobs but the households need to anticipate the kid to see many different major challenges throughout their childhood, and turning up into adolescences. McRoy provinces in his article An Organizational Dilemma: the instance of Transracial acceptance that black kids need to turn up in their cultural background: Black kids belong physically and psychologically and culturally in black households where they can have the entire sense of themselves and develop a sound projection of their hereafter. Merely a black household can convey the emotional and sensitive nuances of perceptual experience and reactions essential for a black kid s endurance in a racialist society. Human existences are merchandises of their environment and develop their sense of values, attitudes, and self-concept within their ain household constructions. Black kids in white places are cut off from the healthy development of themselves as black people. With African American households that are put into white families there is ever the fact that the kids are non traveling to see their civilization in a custodies on manner. When African American kids turn up with the same race parents they do non hold the issue of losing their background and civilization. With Caucasic households non cognizing the exact background of their adoptive kids, the household can non explicate what is traveling on with hard experiences that the parents have neer gone through being a different race. When an African American girl asks her parents what precisely she should make with her hair, the female parent does non ever have the exact reply for her girl. With the female parent non sing this turning up or even in maturity, she may non be able to give her girl the best advice available. As stated in Katharine Quarmby s article Untitled she states that an assiocation has pointed out this fact: The Assoication of Black Social Workers ( ABSW ) claimed in the 1980 s that transracial arrangements are a manner prolongation racialist political orientation . Their motto, that Love is Enough , still looms over the statement. They pointed out that white parents did non how to care for black kids s tegument or hair, that black kids could non walk down the street with their white relations without holding to give and account. This may do jobs within the household and do the kid seem as if they do non suit in. This is non how kids should experience while in a household adhering relationship. While many households that have an African American kid in their household will necessitate aid or aid from the African American community. With many people non desiring the kids to lose their cultural background, trust of the African American community is a must. With the kids being active in the African American community has a positive and negative consequence on the kids in interracial acceptance. With the contact with the African American community the kids are able to larn about their background and civilization. This will assist the kids be able to interact with fellow equals that are like them. While this may look like a good thought, this may besides set the kids in a place that they do non belong in their current household and do non suit in because their household members are non like them. This may do kids to experience superior to their fellow household members and may non understand precisely why their household is non like the other households that they met in the Afri can American community. Ron Nixon writes an article in the New York Times, explicating that the de-emphasis on race in acceptance is critized and explains how the adoptees feel. Many transracial adoptees say they struggle to suit in among their ain household members. ( Nixon ) These adoptees may non experience like they fit in among their household because they do non precisely look like the other members, or they may non understand why their playthings were non the same colour as their friends when playing with Barbie s or G.I Joes. While some people may reason that if there is a restriction on acceptances based on race that there would be fewer acceptances. The kids that are put into Foster attention would non be placed into a household every bit shortly as possible. We have seen what happens when race is allowed to be a consideration. Children are waiting in Foster attention to be adopted. ( Nixon ) Ms. Chaplin, quoted in the New York Times article, is an associate commissioner at the Administration for Children and Families at the Department of Health and Human Services, who said this states that the kids would be waiting much longer in foster attention, shows that race should non be a determinant factor when it comes to adoption. This lone states that interracial acceptance is merely good because there will be fewer kids to be taken attention of in Foster attention, non how the kids really will get by with the determination and how they will respond. While every kid needs to cognize and develop their cultural individuality this may look really hard being raised in a family that is non of the same cultural background. In households that there is an African American kid, most parents raise the kid as if they have the same cultural individuality as them and most parents do non even notice they are making so. While kids may look that they are making good and booming, non demoing any major reverses this is non ever the instance. Although the kids appeared to be booming and good adjusted harmonizing to standard steps, they are being brought up as idea they were white and had small or no contact with black [ s ] . ( Hayes ) . While these kids are making good in the eyes of many, the kids are non making good in the facet of the cultural individuality. The kids are get downing to bury or non even understand their cultural background. The kids in some instances do non even cognize how people of their ain cultural individuality live or ev en move. With the kids non sing this first manus, they may lose a really of import portion of their history. Nagel states his sentiment in Bailey s article A Practice Model to protect the Ethnic Identity of International Adoptees in 1996: Cultural individuality is influenced by both external and internal factors. External forces include societal constructions that serve to specify cultural boundaries, often for political or economic intents, such an affirmatory action policies that seek to right historical inequalities between groups aˆÂ ¦ However, such external forces form merely portion of the complex system of cultural individuality formationaˆÂ ¦ therefore, achieving an individuality is a procedure in which one actively constructs a construct of the ego from an array of societal groups. This states that cultural individuality is affected by external and internal factors that will neer travel off and that kids need to understand and be able to wholly turn and boom as a individual. Experts besides province that kids cognizing about their cultural individuality are better off when turning up. Both have adopted a discourse that stresses that kids have a demand or right to a sense of cultural individuality and cultural heritage. ( Hayes ) While interracial acceptance is a really popular signifier of acceptance, some households believe that following a kid of a different race may learn those new imposts and cultural influences that the kid would neer be exposed excessively. While learning kids about different cultural backgrounds and holding them see the civilization of their parents may do the kid seem more rounded. While this may look as a fantastic thought, holding a kid that is from a different ethnicity being able to understand and suit in with a different civilization. This may do the kid seem like they would neer suit in with their original cultural background. This should neer be the instance with a kid turning up. Bing able to associate to merely one cultural background, that is non their original is non ever good to the kid. While interracial acceptance may look like an first-class thought, to acquire kids out of poorness, and have them populating outstanding, fantastic lives with parents that can demo the counsel, love and fondness, the arrangement of the kids is a really of import issue to be concerned with. While these kids do unrecorded wonderful lives, these kids frequently wonder what life would be like if they would hold stay in their cultural community. While the kids placed with adoptive parents that treat them merely as if they were blood kids and are considered to be their kids. When an African American adoptee begins to travel through different stage of their lives, they will get down to travel rely on people of the black community. Harmonizing the National Association of Black Social Workers a statement in 1972, who was against interracial acceptance stated: These kids need the support and socialisation of black households merely every bit much as the Black community needs to keep and prolong its kids and households. Yet, in Contrast to the lightening processes of international acceptance, the transracial acceptance of black kids returning in maturity to the black community. In fact, one of the definitions of success in these arrangements is the formation of an appropriate racial individuality. While this states that the kids that are in interracial acceptances will frequently return to the black community later in life. While these kids may believe that they lived a fantastic life, they may ever go on to inquire how their lives would hold been if they would hold grown up in the black community with the changeless influence of other people that are considered to be more like them. When the kid is invariably with people of the same race or expression like the other people in the household they no longer have to oppugn why they are the colour they are, or how they do non fit the other childs in their vicinity if they live in a prevailing white vicinity. With this type of wondering could be the ground of why adoptee kids adventure back to the grownup community when they are in early grownup goon. While some kids that are an apart of an interracial acceptance do no experience any signifier of racism turning up there are ever kids that do see this. When kids are small, the bash non ever understand why their friends in school, who are non the same colour, are different colourss than them. With this kids can sometimes get down to dislike other for non being the same colour as them. This may be really disturbing for a kid that is the lone dark skinned kid of the household. This may besides do the kids to experience as if they do non belong in their household even though they are really loved by their adoptive parents. Children and parents may besides judge interracial households throughout their childhood and turning up, sometime even stating rude and objectionable things about the household, even though they have no thought about the state of affairs. With this the kids may experience like they do non suit in with the people that they are brought up about. While interracial acceptance has become really common in the United States, which can be considered a really first-class achievement in acceptance bureaus with a larger sum of kids being placed into caring and loving households. With this type of acceptances, acceptance bureaus are conveying different people together to organize new households ; there should be a consideration of where the kids are topographic point into such households. Interracial acceptance can be really good, seting kids into places, larning a new civilization, but it needs to be considered that these kids may lose their cultural background non populating with people of the same race. These kids may besides non understand racism wholly, even being the center of racialist remarks throughout their lives that will neer travel off. While some acceptance bureaus do non take the kid and how they may see things different into consideration, it should be made known that is non all about acquiring the kids out of Foster a ttention, but into a household that they will be able to associate to. This is about what is in the best involvement of the kid, non the parent. ( Nixon )

Free Essays on Bogus Parts

With aircraft inventories aging, â€Å"bogus† aircraft parts have become a serious problem for commercial and civil aviation on an international scale. The high cost of approved aircraft parts and relatively lax enforcement have created a lucrative market for criminals to introduce counterfeit and misrepresented aircraft parts into every facet of the aviation industry. The aviation industry has dubbed aircraft parts as â€Å"bogus† which are fraudulent knock-offs, parts with misrepresented age, parts with prior crash damage, or parts with misrepresented composition(such as parts made of an inferior alloy). The Federal Aviation Administration has placed â€Å"bogus† parts in the much broader category of â€Å"unapproved parts†. The category of unapproved parts can contain â€Å"bogus† parts as well as legitimate parts that are misused and legitimate parts that have merely an incorrect paper-trail. The Federal Aviation Administration contests that a vast majority of unapproved parts are legitimate aircraft parts with incorrect or insufficient paper-trails. Many critics have accused the Federal Aviation Administration of using the innocuous category of unapproved parts as an attempt to hide the serious problem of â€Å"bogus† parts from the flying public. As reported by BusinessWeek magazine: â€Å"The FAA allegedly pressured the NTSB to stop listing bogus parts in its database as a possible cause of crashes, according to four independent sources: a senior FAA official, as well as sources in the Transportation Dept., the airline industry, and congressional staff.† The Federal Aviation Administration maintains that they did not pressure the NTSB and recommended the changes to make the database more accurate. Currently no accidents are listed with the probable cause of â€Å"bogus† parts. One aspect pertaining to the success of â€Å"bogus† parts sales is the potential savings to maintenance departments and the potential profit to parts b... Free Essays on Bogus Parts Free Essays on Bogus Parts With aircraft inventories aging, â€Å"bogus† aircraft parts have become a serious problem for commercial and civil aviation on an international scale. The high cost of approved aircraft parts and relatively lax enforcement have created a lucrative market for criminals to introduce counterfeit and misrepresented aircraft parts into every facet of the aviation industry. The aviation industry has dubbed aircraft parts as â€Å"bogus† which are fraudulent knock-offs, parts with misrepresented age, parts with prior crash damage, or parts with misrepresented composition(such as parts made of an inferior alloy). The Federal Aviation Administration has placed â€Å"bogus† parts in the much broader category of â€Å"unapproved parts†. The category of unapproved parts can contain â€Å"bogus† parts as well as legitimate parts that are misused and legitimate parts that have merely an incorrect paper-trail. The Federal Aviation Administration contests that a vast majority of unapproved parts are legitimate aircraft parts with incorrect or insufficient paper-trails. Many critics have accused the Federal Aviation Administration of using the innocuous category of unapproved parts as an attempt to hide the serious problem of â€Å"bogus† parts from the flying public. As reported by BusinessWeek magazine: â€Å"The FAA allegedly pressured the NTSB to stop listing bogus parts in its database as a possible cause of crashes, according to four independent sources: a senior FAA official, as well as sources in the Transportation Dept., the airline industry, and congressional staff.† The Federal Aviation Administration maintains that they did not pressure the NTSB and recommended the changes to make the database more accurate. Currently no accidents are listed with the probable cause of â€Å"bogus† parts. One aspect pertaining to the success of â€Å"bogus† parts sales is the potential savings to maintenance departments and the potential profit to parts b...

Piano Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Piano - Essay Example There is no motion anywhere; like everything is paying tribute to the beautiful music. In this sense of extreme calm and motionlessness, I can feel goose-bumps every now and then when an unusually appealing note gets me overwhelmed. When I am overjoyed with happiness, the sound of piano helps me sustain that feeling of being overjoyed. Particularly, if a fast track is being played, nothing matches the occasion better than that. When I attain this match by fortune, I cannot help dancing. While I know that I am a very pathetic dancer otherwise, my dancing skills unimaginably get polished at such occasions as if by magic or a miracle. I dance like I have learnt dancing formally from some dance school. Maybe it is this frequency that I share with the sound of a piano that it helps me explore my hidden capabilities and surprise my friends and family with that. When I hear piano, it frequently reminds me of my second birthday when I had received piano as a gift from my dearest grandmother who is no more with me today. Thus my grandmother established my relation with piano the very day. I have spent my early childhood at my grandmother’s place and she is one of the people who have not only shaped my life and personality but have left many positive influences and examples for me to follow throughout my life. That was the first time I happened to own a piano. Probably that is where my association with piano started and has continued to date. May be this is the reason why at every special occasion, I feel incomplete and undone unless I have heard piano and cherished a memory of my grandmother. Piano affects me almost just like alcohol affects people. Drunk people excel in the emotion that they have at a particular point in time unless something different happens to catch their attention and make them take a turn. Likewise, piano helps me retain and indeed strengthen whatever feeling I have at a particular point in time while I

Epic Heroes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Epic Heroes - Essay Example Therefore, the extraordinary feats that heroes perform never fail to excite because each feat is unique and distinct in its own way. We read about heroes in storybooks and novels. We are impressed with their good looks and benevolence in movies. We are awe-struck by their deeds in thrillers. We are benumbed with fear as we watch them shadow ghosts and their ignoble cousins. The acts of heroism interest everyone due to their brush with difficult and sometimes seemingly impossible situations. This interest is highlighted even more when it is seen that the principal character in every story has traits and talents poles apart. Undoubtedly, the first ones who come to mind upon anything to do with the concept of hero are the Greek epic heroes like Odysseus with their supreme majestic good looks and gleaming, muscular frames. In the case of Odysseus, he is a mighty man in terms of his physique as well as mental abilities. The source of Odysseus strength and survival capacity is his reverence for the gods. He is capable of doing what no other man could dare through timely support from different gods in different situations. In terms of physical prowess there is no equal to the Greek epic heroes. They defied terrestrial and extra-terrestrial domains. The annals of a bishop wou... On the contrary, religious figures are commonly conceived as those whose lot it is to suffer and die! The Bishop in Les Miserables is tender-hearted and kind, but there is a steely resolve that carries the power to melt the hardest heart. The hero in Les Miserables has the unique ability to grasp a situation and turn it around to everyone's good. Mr Duvitch in The Strangers That Came to Town initially seems repulsive and unwanted in his neighborhood, but his humility and meekness silently impacts the neighborhood. Indeed, the plot in the story uncannily hides the true nature of the Duvitch family until the heroic albeit innate traits of Mr Duvitch unfold towards the end. Conclusion The writers of each story display extraordinary talents unique in their own ways. The Greek epics were written eons ago. But they continue to excite and inspire. Although the reader is well aware that Odysseus' exploits can only have happy ending she is willing to give the writer the opportunity to witness the range of his creativity and imagination. Thus, the plus point in the story is the use of the elements and situations made subtly and intricately delectable, and the reader lets the hero get away with nave tolerance in ingenuous ease since divine interventions and manipulations are treated with more interest and respect. Throughout human history, in each age and era, heroes have appeared center-stage, moved among people, lead from the front, took on mightier foes, and dispensed justice. They also sought peace, pursued noble missions, and built structures of benevolent justice. The mysterious ingredients of heroism have the potential to appear from the most unexpected sources and the most unlikely characters.

The Evolution Of The Piano Music Essay

The Evolution Of The Piano Music Essay Since the dawn of man music has been played, enjoyed and practiced, and through its practice the instruments used have changed greatly. Throughout the years the piano has changed greatly and as a result many different types have been created, with the creation of new pianos famous artists have chosen to use them for their styles of music, pianos have been used in many genres of music as a result of their various types and the sound produced. The first instrument that relates to the piano is called the Dulcimer, it is considered to be the ancestor to early versions of the piano due to its similar qualities. The dulcimer is played by striking hammers on a series of strings tuned over a flat soundboard. The first actual piano was called the clavichord the first models were build around 1400 but wasnt made popular until three centuries later in the music of Bach when a key is pressed, a vertical brass strip is lifted toward a pair of strings. The virginal which is a small Harpsichord (or instrument whose strings are plucked) was the next advent in the piano; it was louder than the clavichord but lacked u buts dynamic variety. Although originally created in Italy the Spinet was perfected in Britain around the late seventeenth century, the jack mechanism plucks the strings just as the virginal, but the wind shape permits longer strings, increasing the size and expanding the range to as much as five octaves. First created in the fifteenth century, the Harpsichord reached its peak in the period of Bach and Handel. The Harpsichord has longer strings and sounds louder than the clavichord although it has the shape of the modern grand piano. Around 1709, Bartolommeo Cristofori built several instruments in the harpsichord shape but with hammer mechanisms surprisingly like the modern piano action. Because players could control soft and loud which was impossible on plucked keyboard instruments, Cristofori named this instrument the Pianoforte. During the time of Beethoven around the eighteenth century piano builders began to extend the keyboard. Two other important developments were the escapement action for faster repetition of notes and the damper and soft pedals. Pedals were often added to produce exotic effects. During the eighteenth century, many builders tried to apply the upright from to the pianoforte. In 1800 the first satisfactory uprights were invented. The square grand piano was originally designed by German builders around the seventeenth century, they tried to apply the cristoforis pianoforte to the traditional rectangular shape of the clavichord. The Square piano was popular until the late eighteen hundreds an d early nineteen hundreds. During the nineteenth century the piano continued to become more powerful and responsive. Some of the greater improvements were the double-repetition action of the Sebastien Erard which allows very rapid repetition; and the full cast-iron frame developed by Alphaeus Babcock. These developments are the basis for todays modern pianos. The pianos of today incorporate the best qualities of early instruments. Cross stringing which is a way to achieve greater richness of tone by passing more strings over the center of the soundboard. The sostentenuto or middle pedal was introduced in the late nineteenth century, permitting greater musical coloring. The Baroque period, or the time between 1600 and 1700 where new styles if art and architecture flourished in Europe, there where several great musical artists who became known as famous composers. Several of the composers where George Fredric Handel, Antonio Vivaldi and Johann Sebastian Bach. George Fredric Handel was born the son of a barber; Handel ditched a career in law to pursue his love for music. Skilled at the organ, he wrote several church pieces before he acquired a job from prince Ernst of Hanover as a court musician. Not much is known Antonio Vivaldi. But it is know that he wrote many pieces for the church, about 640 all together. He also taught music at several schools. But near the end of his life he lost support and contacts and died an poor man. Johann Sebastian Bach came from a long line of musicians but was the first to become famous outside of his home town. Bach was extremely particular about his music. Often times he would destroy his compositions that he didnt f ind worthy, because of this many of his pieces been lost. His work was very unique, and his use of intertwining melodies and the fugue are trademarks of his genius. During the classical age many advancements where made in the art of music and as these advancements where made new great composers rose to take advantage of them. Joseph Haydn began his career in music at a very young age he had a wonderful singing voice. Eventually his voice broke and his singing career ended, afterwards he switched his focus into composing music. In 1790 he moved to Vienna which he made into the nexus of classical music and taught young composers such as Mozart and Beethoven. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is considered to be the prince of classical music. Has countless pieces of literature, movies, musicals and plays dedicated to him. He wrote his first symphony at the age of 5 he toured Europe with his father and sister as a novelty act but eventually he grew up and the novelty was gone. From there forward his natural skill at music carried him and as a student of Haydn and Mozart he blossomed into a top notch opera writer, which was his only source of income for many years. His later teaching career was not enough to support him and he died a poor man. Ludwig von Beethoven was not near as talented as Mozart but became known as another child prodigy. At the age of 14 he was given the role of assistant teacher and organist. He received tutoring from both Haydn and Mozart. Although he had a good childhood at the age of 19 his life quickly took a turn for the worse with the death of his mother, he was then left with the role of supporting his entire family. As a result of his troubled youth he became a very disturbed and angry person, this was portrayed in his music which was fiery and emotional. Felix Mendelssohn was born into a rich and musically talented family and as a result was introduced into music at a young age. He was very talented and his music was very popular at there time of writing. His piano concerto in G minor And My Heart will go on is considered to be the most played concerto of all time. His music for the play A Midsummer nights Dream in addition to its popularity during its time is still played at modern weddings. Mendelssohn often played pieces by Bach and is credited with bringing back popularity to his music. Johannes Brahms lived during the romantic age but wrote classical music. At the beginning of his carreer he played mostly in bars and as a result he gained the knowledge of many dance tunes. Once Mendelssohn graduated from playing in bars and brothels he started serious composing he was considered a genius for h is music. During the romantic era many changes where made to the way the piano was used. Frederic Chopin was one of those artists, his pieces for the piano the piano where groundbreaking and pushed the limits of what the piano was thought to be capable of. Is innovations completely changed how the piano was treated in music. Franz Lizt was another is considered to be one of the most talented pianists the world has ever seen. His concerts where often completely sold out. Because of the way he played he often has a second piano prepared incase he broke the first one. The piano in its various forms have been used throughout time as entertainment for many cultures. As a result of its popularity and interest from innovative artists it has changed greatly, and more modern variations are used in many genres of music.

AFrican American equality Essay

From the time our country was founded, many African Americans lived a life of hardship merely because the color of their skin. In many instances they were treated as animals, being sold and traded in shackles and chains. At the time of the signing of the Declaration of Independence when the country was founded, most African Americans worked as slaves. Working conditions for slaves were inhumane, who were often forced to work long hours in the sweltering summer heat. In 1865, the ratification of the 13th amendment made slavery illegal everywhere in the United States. However, this was not the end of inequality and segregation for African Americans. The racism in the south did not stop just because slavery ended. For decades after the end of slavery, laws such as the Jim Crow laws significantly limited African American’s rights and freedoms. In addition, share-cropping allowed servitude to continue only in a different form. Former slaves were now financially bound to their land. These laws significantly disheartened American Americans right and fight for equality – a battle that did not really get started until the civil rights era. In one of the greatest moments in American history when MLK gave his speech on the inequality of races. In one line he said â€Å"the negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of prosperity†. This meant that even though there was a great economic boom the blacks were not sharing the wealth. Instead of blacks sharing the great wealth of this time they were left out of the boat by being ineligible force retain perks that the white man had been innate to. In an truly inspiring line of his speech MLK says â€Å"the negro community must not lead to distrust all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny†. This says that not all the white men are prejudice which would be just as stereotypical as anything else done against blacks at the time. This is truly encouraging saying that blacks have been persecuted for hundreds of years and some still find ways to show some remorse toward them. In one of the most famous lines of the speech MLK says â€Å"I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident:that all men are created equal†. He means that he hopes one day that all men with see each other not on the basis of skin color but by the content of the character which is perfectly expressed in â€Å"I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. † Martin Luther king speech expresses the inequality blacks felt. The civil rights movement took time and many brave people. However even after all the protest and laws passed to help equal the races the blacks still do not have the same freedoms as whites. Most blacks live inner cities and are not treated with dignity that they deserve in humans. They are constantly unfairly prosecuted by law enforcements and are scapegoated by many people of the root of the problem. However there has been a major increase in freedoms they have gained over time. Since MLK speech they have gained equality and it should be so far in the future that they are looked at as complete equals.

Simon from Lord of the Flies

In all humans, there is some form of evil. This theme is expressed throughout the novel of Lord of the Flies. The only character to realize this is Simon. In William Golding’s novel Lord of the Flies, nature resembles the unfortunate events to come and the character, Simon, foreshadows these events. When Simon is introduced in the beginning of the story, he is fainting. Physical weakness becomes a hallmark of his character, from passing out to throwing up, to hallucinations and bloody noses.Although he might lack a strong physical appearance, he shows others he is intelligent by the large words he uses throughout the book. Simon is the main character who tries to hold on to civilization. He has a conversation with Ralph in the beginning of the book claiming that they will get rescued. This is the beginning of Simon starting to foreshadow events. Throughout the novel multiple instances occur where a kid will say that they will get rescued. Littluns are usually the ones that whi ne about they are hungry and thirsty and wanting to know when they are going to get rescued.Eventually they do get rescued but Simon is killed accidentally and never gets to leave the island. Simon is also the boys’ last hope of retaining civilization. Throughout the book the boys lose civilization and become savages. Simon, Ralph, and piggy try to maintain their selves and help others remain civilized. To me it seemed that Jack left Ralph’s Group and created his own group because he accepted savagery and didn’t want be part of civilization anymore. Eventually this change turns for the worst of the group and actually kills Simon.Simon is a nature boy. He is constantly in a clearing in the woods watching the stars and being alone. At one time that he goes to the clearing he encounters the â€Å"Lord of the Flies†, which begins to talk to him (143). This is one of his hallucinations, but he believes it to be real. The Lord of the Flies tells him that he wan ts to have fun with him soon, and he better tell Ralph and Piggy that the beast isn’t real and isn’t an actual object, but is actually the boys instead.The Lord of the Flies tells Simon this because it is actually Simon indirectly foreshadowing an event to happen that the beast inside them will kill themselves. After Simon’s talk to the Lord of the Flies he faints because of the humidity. Once he wakes up a storm forms in the distance and clouds begin to cover the sky. The weather is mimicking Simon’s actions to happen. Simon begins to travel to tell the boys that the beast isn’t real; meanwhile the boys are chanting and dancing around a fire.In all of the excitement Simon is mistaken as a beast and is jabbed with spears and eventually killed. While he is in the process of being murdered, a storm is raging with lightening and thunder booming in the background. In multiple instances, Simon is foreshadowing events. He has talks about his death before it happens and predicts that they will be rescued. The weather also foreshadowed events that happened such as a storm happening at the same time a death happened: two tragic, dark events. These corresponding events display Simon as a nature boy, one with the island.